Categories and Roles of School Governors Essays

Categories and Roles of School Governors Essays Categories and Roles of School Governors Essay Categories and Roles of School Governors Essay School governors are one of the countrys largest voluntary groups with around 300,000 contributing to strategic development and raising standards of achievement at more than 30,000 schools. School governors are members of their schools governing body, which is known as a corporate body. A corporate body has a legal identity that is separate from its members and as a result, individual governors are generally protected from personal liability as a result of the governing bodys decisions and actions provided they act onestly, reasonably and in good faith. Individual governors have no power or right to act on behalf of the governing body except where the whole governing body has delegated a specific function to that individual or where regulations specify a function is to be exercised in a particular way. School governors are drawn from different parts of the community and can be parents and staff or from the LA, the community and other groups. This helps ensure the governing body has sufficient diversity of views and experience but does not ean governors of a particular category represent that group on the governing body. For example, parent governors do not represent the parents at the school and do not report back to them. Responsibilities The governing body has a range of duties and powers and a general responsibility for the conduct of the school with a view to promoting high standards of educational achievement. Its responsibilities include but are not limited to: setting targets for pupil achievement managing the schools finances aking sure the curriculum is balanced and broadly based appointing staff reviewing staff performance and pay. The governing body has considerable discretion as to how to discharge its responsibilities but is required to constitute itself in line with the regulations and to appoint a chair and vice chair. The governing body may delegate certain of its responsibilities to certain governors or committees of governors, although in general, it is not compelled to do so. Categories and roles of school governors By shaza7

Ribosomes and Protein Assembly

Ribosomes and Protein Assembly There are two major types of cells: prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. Ribosomes are cell organelles that consist of RNA and proteins. They are responsible for assembling the proteins of the cell. Depending on the protein production level of a particular cell, ribosomes may number in the millions. Key Takeaways: Ribosomes Ribosomes are cell organelles that function in protein synthesis. Ribosomes in plant and animals cells are larger than those found in bacteria.Ribosomes are composed of RNA and proteins that form ribosome subunits: a large ribosome subunit and small subunit. These two subunits are produced in the nucleus and unite in the cytoplasm during protein synthesis.Free ribosomes are found suspended in the cytosol, while bound ribosomes are attached to the endoplasmic reticulum.Mitochondria and chloroplasts are capable of producing their own ribosomes. Distinguishing Characteristics Structure of a Ribosome. Interaction of a ribosome with mRNA.   ttsz/iStock/Getty Images Plus Ribosomes are typically composed of two subunits: a large subunit and a small subunit. Eukarotic ribosomes (80S), such as those in plant cells and animal cells, are larger in size than prokaryotic ribosomes (70S), such as those in bacteria. Ribosomal subunits are synthesized in the nucleolus and cross over the nuclear membrane to the cytoplasm through nuclear pores. Both ribosomal subunits join together when the ribosome attaches to messenger RNA (mRNA) during protein synthesis. Ribosomes along with another RNA molecule, transfer RNA (tRNA), help to translate the protein-coding genes in mRNA into proteins. Ribosomes link amino acids together to form polypeptide chains, which are further modified before becoming functional proteins. Location in the Cell Ribosomes can be found attached to the endoplasmic reticulum or free within the cytoplasm.   ttsz/iStock/Getty Images Plus There are two places where ribosomes commonly exist within a eukaryotic cell: suspended in the cytosol and bound to the endoplasmic reticulum. These ribosomes are called free ribosomes and bound ribosomes respectively. In both cases, the ribosomes usually form aggregates called polysomes or polyribosomes during protein synthesis. Polyribosomes are clusters of ribosomes that attach to a mRNA molecule during protein synthesis. This allows for multiple copies of a protein to be synthesized at once from a single mRNA molecule. Free ribosomes usually make proteins that will function in the cytosol (fluid component of the cytoplasm), while bound ribosomes usually make proteins that are exported from the cell or included in the cells membranes. Interestingly enough, free ribosomes and bound ribosomes are interchangeable and the cell can change their numbers according to metabolic needs. Organelles such as mitochondria and chloroplasts in eukaryotic organisms have their own ribosomes. Ribosomes in these organelles are more like ribosomes found in bacteria with regard to size. The subunits comprising ribosomes in mitochondria and chloroplasts are smaller (30S to 50S) than the subunits of ribosomes found throughout the rest of the cell (40S to 60S). Ribosomes and Protein Assembly Ribosomes interact with mRNA to produce proteins in a process called translation.   ttsz/iStock/Getty Images Plus Protein synthesis occurs by the processes of transcription and translation. In transcription, the genetic code contained within DNA is transcribed into an RNA version of the code known as messenger RNA (mRNA). The mRNA transcript is transported from the nucleus to the cytoplasm where it undergoes translation. In translation, a growing amino acid chain, also called a polypeptide chain, is produced. Ribosomes help to translate mRNA by binding to the molecule and linking amino acids together to produce a polypeptide chain. The polypeptide chain eventually becomes a fully functioning protein. Proteins are very important biological polymers in our cells as they are involved in virtually all cell functions. There are some differences between protein synthesis in eukaryotes and prokaryotes. Since eukaryotic ribosomes are larger than those in prokaryotes, they require more protein components. Other differences include different initiator amino acid sequences to start protein synthesis as well as different elongation and termination factors. Eukaryotic Cell Structures This is a diagram of an animal cell. colematt/iStock/Getty Images Plus   Ribosomes are only one type of cell organelle. The following cell structures can also be found in a typical animal eukaryotic cell: Centrioles - help to organize the assembly of microtubules.​Chromosomes - house cellular DNA.​Cilia and Flagella - aid in cellular locomotion.​Cell Membrane - protects the integrity of the interior of the cell.​Endoplasmic Reticulum - synthesizes carbohydrates and lipids.​Golgi Complex - manufactures, stores and ships certain cellular products.​Lysosomes - digest cellular macromolecules.​Mitochondria - provide energy for the cell.​Nucleus - controls cell growth and reproduction.Peroxisomes - detoxify alcohol, form bile acid, and use oxygen to break down fats. Sources Berg, Jeremy M. Eukaryotic Protein Synthesis Differs from Prokaryotic Protein Synthesis Primarily in Translation Initiation. Biochemistry. 5th Edition., U.S. National Library of Medicine, 2002, www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK22531/#_ncbi_dlg_citbx_NBK22531.Wilson, Daniel N, and Jamie H Doudna Cate. The structure and function of the eukaryotic ribosome. Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Biology vol. 4,5 a011536. doi:10.1101/cshperspect.a011536

Psychology human development Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Psychology human development - Essay Example It would elaborate over the human development theories applied to the individual with respect to her interactions and behaviors observed. Location The subject is observed in a playground of a club that the family visits often. The playground has swings and other recreational equipment such as see-saw, slide, monkey bars and overhead ladder for children. The children found in the playground are usually between the ages of 3 to 11 years old. The subject visits the playground with her mother who usually sits on the benches with mothers of other children. Subject The subject of this naturalistic observation is a girl between the age of four and six years old. She is the eldest child with a younger brother who is between three to five years in age. During the observation, the subject showed a variation in behavior and opened up gradually. The observation was for about half an hour during which the mother was present at the location and was looking over the subject. However, she was in clo se proximity throughout the observation. Interactions observed The observation initiated when the subject was brought to the playground early evening accompanied by her mother. For some time, she stayed alongside her mother and observed the children who were playing on the swings and other activities. Finding comfort with her mother in a place where everyone else was unknown to her displayed her reliability over her mother. According to the development theory of Erik Erickson, this shows that the subject has overcome the stage of Trust Vs Mistrust. The subject was not reluctant to go play in the ground, but since she did not know any of the children she stayed with her mother and observed. As the subject began to interact with the children, she started the conversation about the game that they were playing. She had been observing them and went to the group where she thought she would best fit. This decision was made by her own judgment and could prove that she was demonstrating Eric kson's development theory stage of Initiative vs. Guilt. As the girls she approached were swinging, she found a common interest. She said to them that she could do it to and said "you know I can swing faster than that." The conversation did not involve asking names or any other information but they quickly started sharing their routines and talked about other games that they loved playing. The subject told them about the games that she played with her little brother and her cousins. Behaviors observed At first the child showed a shy behavior when she did not go to play with the children right away. Gradually, she moved on to the children who seemed the most similar to her. She chose to play with girls who were around her age instead of going towards boys. As the subject moved on to play with the girls, the theory of Vygotsky's about principles of guided participation and zone of proximal development could be applied as her mom encouraged her to go play on the swings. Eventually, as the child interacted with the other children she opened up and became energetic and active. She showed a competitive behavior as she said that she could also play the game that they were playing. In just a few moments she had started running around, playing on different recreational equipment with her new friends. It was noticed that within the span of ten minutes of interaction, the child had developed close bonds with her new friends and when her mother called her for supper, she did not want to leave her friends.

Sports Development Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Sports Development - Essay Example Apart from England Sports governing body, as it mentioned above that there exist Local Sports Development Unit which one of its primary objective is pave a way for a better sports development from the grassroots, as they believe that sports from the grassroots level is the key factor leading for a better career in future for the beginners. In a statement written, few of the functions of Local Sports Development Unit are cited as "Offering quality advice to sports clubs or individuals seeking help to develop/enhance themselves or their sports club. Working in partnership with other essential stakeholders in our field to create further opportunities for local communities across the city and helping to develop and educate future and existing coaches within the city". (Why Have Sports Development Unit). MAIN BODY: Meanwhile this essay would make assessment on the basic needs of how to develop sports from Local areas of England, business partnership, for the benefit of the local area, additionally with campaign initiative on how to increase and sustain the participation of Basketball in England. It should be noted that the proposal would touches different angles, including assessments of other places in England that al ready adapt to that policy, in order to cite their exemplary actions, so they would be regarded as yardstick for the proposal. On this aspect there is the need to adapt to Economic Strategies. The East Midland Development Agency as one of the key example, has initiated Regional Economic Strategy, which is under the umbrella of Integrated Regional Strategy, while sports feature is given highest proportion on this aspect. Additionally in East Midland, the strategy of enhancing business partnership reaches to extent of making regeneration and making proper planning, which is also a key factor toward developing business partnership for the benefit of the Local Area. In the aspect of Regeneration and Planning, efforts made in East Midland should be putting into consideration for achieving the subject of discussion. For example "the best example being the Milton Keynes and South Midlands Growth area. These areas need to become models for sustainable communities achieving benefits from and through sport and recreation. The regional and local development frameworks, the Market Town master plans, the village and parish plans and the Urban Development Plans need to consider sport and recreation. Leisure, sport and recreation opportunities are regularly identified within Market Town Health checks yet few follow-up activities are developed. Sport needs further development within the revised Rural Action Plan". (Sport England) The Sport England on this note should also have to put into consideration the need to give more supports to Local Organization for establishing more and more sporting centers across local areas of the country, through Local Sports Development Units. This in no small measure would benefit greatly to the Local Organization and the Sports England in particular to increase the economic interest of them. The Sports England should at this juncture assess the effort made by Local Organization

Payroll System Essay Example for Free

Payroll System Essay 1.0 Introduction A payroll system involves everything that has to do with the payment of employees and the filing of employment taxes. This includes keeping track of hours, calculating wages, withholding taxes and other deductions, printing and delivering checks and paying employment taxes to the government. A computerized payroll system saves on time and lowers your error ratio. You can enter payroll payment information quicker than with a manual system, and run payroll registers to double check your information before printing the checks. This allows you to detect errors and adjust them beforehand I have completed a preliminary investigation of the payroll system. As our project the payroll system is one of the software that the professional is develop, the system is good for its specialty in the fields of accounting, it is easy to use and effective and efficient in organizing and calculating the payroll process and it is more important application that should be used by businesses of any size. Payroll systems are very simple to use, they can easily be incorporated into any business applications being used by the company. These systems are a guaranteed way to make sure your payroll is done on time and in agreement with all taxing authorities. Tax laws and rates have continually changed in recent years, new tax credits, expiration of old credits and rate changes can all affect the outcome of your payroll. 1.1 Background of the study Holy Rosary School of Science Technology was established in 1987 by Mr. and Mrs. Rosario. The old name of the school is Holy Rosary Child Center School. It started as learning center and has been improved until 4th year high school. There are four quarters every year. Every last week of the quarters, the examinations are conducted. First quarter will start from the beginning of the school year mainly June and ends at the month of August. Second quarter will start from September until October. Third quarter will start from November until December. Then Christmas break will fall in the middle of December and last until the first week of January. The examination for third quarter will be on the second week of January. Fourth and the last quarter  will start from January until the end of the school year mainly March. In every classroom there are 20-30 students. The system they are using is manual. The manual payroll system is an inexpensive method of performing the payroll process. Manual payroll means that you, or another employee within your company, calculate the payroll each pay period entirely on paper. You will need to calculate taxes, insurance, 401K, and any other applicable deductions in addition to each employees actual earnings. The advantage of using a manual system is that it is very inexpensive, with virtually no start-up costs. The disadvantage is that whatever you save on start-up costs will probably be eaten up by the amount of time it takes to process payroll. In addition, its very easy to make mistakes when processing payroll manually, and the penalty for mistakes, especially mistakes in taxing, can be very costly. There are at least free payroll templates out there, but it still difficult to do manual payroll processing. Student’s knowledge is measured by having examinations. Teachers will manually create the exam inations base on the lessons they already tackled each quarter. There are problems occur during these days. First is the creation of the questionnaire, it takes time and effort for it to be done and be ready for the examination day. Second, the examinations are mirrored to each other, so some of the students can easily cheat. Third, the questionnaire will be manually checked and it takes time before the Teachers and the student can see the results. Lastly the Teachers are having a hard time manually creating reports for the student record. 1.1 Statement of the problem 1.2.1 General problem As a manual payroll system is done entirely by hand, there are plenty of points at which things can go wrong due to human error. They need a long time to enroll and lack of security such as because of poor data storage. An individual carries out all timesheets, taxes, wages, checks, verification and recordings, and there are many small calculations that can be slightly mistaken that will cause far more serious problems further down the line. The fact that a manual payroll is done by hand can cause problems  with liability. If one individual is in charge of the payroll system, then anything and everything that goes wrong is their responsibility, meaning they will have to deal with the consequences. If there are any mistakes made with taxes, then the individual can infer penalties from the government. A manual payroll system can only really used successfully and efficiently if it is only for a handful of employees. 1.2.2 Specific problems 1.2.2.1 Poor Student Info. Using manual system, the students information are only place or written in index card, so there are times that some of the index must misplace or lost. Because it is not a computerized system, computerized payroll system saves on time and lowers your error ratio. You can enter payroll payment information quicker than with a manual system, and run payroll registers to double-check your information before printing the checks. 1.2.2.2 Lack of Security Using manual system, there is a tendency that a data will be lost or misplaced. Storing of data in everywhere, like in the table which can lead to misplacement of the data because its not a computerized system, using that system they dont need to store it everywhere because it is placed on a computer, which is a data are secured. 1.2.2.3 Problems with a paycheck Problems with a paycheck can mess up an employees budgeting for the month. Being over or underpaid and too early or too late is not only extremely irritating, but can lead to bills not being paid on time and payments being missed. The most common problems in manual payroll systems are due to the margin for error being much higher than other systems. 1.3 Objectives of the Study 1.3.1 General objective To provide a computerized system because manual system can consume time or it can waste time. Using manual system, there are plenty of points at which things can go wrong due to human error. The fact that a manual payroll is  done by hand can cause problems with liability. If one individual is in charge of the payroll system, then anything and everything that goes wrong is their responsibility, meaning they will have to deal with the consequences. Computerized system can help Holy Rosary School of Science and Technology to secure important data by the use of computer. Computerized System can manage things easier and faster. 1.3.2 Specific Objectives 1.3.2.1 Complete and Upgraded Student Information Students and Teachers in Holy Rosary School of Science and Technology can find any information easily and more accurate because it is already stored in computer. 1.3.2.2 To maintain a data secured By keeping a data secured, all students and teachers are worry free from their files or data by the help of a computerized system. They can secured it more by using password. 1.3.2.3 Complete paycheck Using computerized system, employers can manage their workers or teachers salary accurately or on time. 1.4 Significance of the study This study is conducted by the researchers for the purpose of developing a manual system to lessen the chances of the aforementioned problems to occur again. Nowadays, computerized system are widely used by schools around the world. This gave the researchers the idea to conduct this study and give solutions to the problems encountered. This study can also benefits school, principal, registrar, faculty, students, parents, researchers, and also future researchers. 1. The school The researchers proposed study can benefit Holy Rosary School of Science and Technology by having a record that we conduct a survey and interview or we are studying the system of their school. 2.The Principal The researchers proposed study will benefit the principal of the school that we conduct a survey by gaining a knowledge from our interview because the principal will know that they need to upgrade their system from manual system to computerized system. 3. The Registrar The benefit of the researchers prop osed study is to influence the owner of the school to upgrade their system, to find any  information easily and accurately. 4. The Faculty The researchers proposed study will benefit the faculty from their study because it will help them check, locate and print the reports easily. 5. Students/ Pupils The researchers proposed study serves the students as their reference or guide in creating their program. It will also help students taking computer related courses to identify the best programming language to use. 6. Parents The researchers proposed study will benefit every parents or researchers parents by being happy because of the knowledge of the researchers gained. 7. The researchers Researchers will benefit from this study by applying the knowledge and skills gained in programming to real life scenario. 8. The future researchers The proposed study will benefits and help the future researcher as their guide. The study can also open in development of this study. 1.5 Scope and Limitation of the Study Scope of the Study Easily to find data Security Setting Certification of Grades Sectioning of the Students Viewing of Student Form Updating Requirements Viewing of Schedule of Exam Viewing of Students Schedule Limitations Students examination Payment Students grade 2.0 Methodology of the Study Figure 1 Waterfall Model 1. Software Requirement Specification – This is the most crucial phase of the whole project. Here, the project team, along with the customer makes a detailed list of user requirements. The project team chalks out, in detail, the functionality and limitations of the software they are developing. The document which contains all this information is called SRS and it clearly and unambiguously indicates the requirements. A small amount of top-level analysis and design is also documented. This document is verified and endorsed by the customer before starting the project. SRS serves as the input for further phases. 2. Software Design and System Design – Using SRS as input, system design is done. System design includes designing of software and hardware i.e. functionality of hardware and software is delineated. After the separation design of the software, the modules are done. The design process translates requirements into representation of the software that can be assessed for quality before generation of code begins. At the same time test plan is prepared. Test plan describes the various tests which will be carried out on the system after completion of development. 3. Implementation and Unit Testing – After the system design, code generation begins. Code generation is the conversion of design into machine-readable form. If designing of software and system is done well, code generation can be easy. Software modules are now further divided into units. A unit is a logically separable part of the software. Testing of units can be done separately. In this phase unit testing is done by the developer himself, to ensure that there are no defects.

Essay --

Niall Killian Killian 1 Samson 6 Leukemia Leukemia is cancer of the blood cells; it starts in the bone marrow which is the soft tissue inside most bones where blood cells are made. When you are healthy your bone marrow makes red and white blood cells. Red and white blood cells help your body fight infection and carry oxygen to all parts of your body. When you have leukemia, the bone marrow makes a unusual amount of abnormal white blood cells known as leukemia cells. Leukemia cells don't work like normal white blood cells, they grow faster and they don't stop growing when they should. Over time, the leukemia cells crowd out and outnumber the normal blood cells which can lead to serious problems such as anemia, bleeding, and infections. Leukemia cells can also spread to the lymph nodes or other organs causing serious swelling and pain. Many wonder how one acquires leukemia and is it genetic. The answer is yes and no, various connections between heredity and leukemia has been found due to the few Leukemia causing factors that are inherited. Scientists have researched to see if there is any connection with external causes, but there is no relationship between external causes and leukemia. The cause for leukemia is still unknown. An experiment was conducted in the UK in 2010 where they tested if leukemia was more common in males or females. In males, it is the 9th most common cancer and in females it was the 10th most common cancer. That year there were 8,257 new cases of leukemia in the UK, 4,816 were men and 3,441 were women. It varies for age groups as well. 62% of cases were diagnosed in men and women over the age of 65, and only 10% were diagnosed to men and women under the age of 35. The reason why Leukemia is more common i... ...p 1 and gap 2. Due to this the cell divides at a unnatural rate and causes many mutations. Cancer always starts with just one cell dividing at a rapid rate due to external or genetic factors, and while genetic factors are uncontrollable, most forms of cancer can be avoided by for example using sunscreen to avoid UV rays or choosing not to smoke. Some cancers are simply not avoidable like Leukemia, but if you keep a close eye on it, it is treatable especially if it is caught early. The symptoms of Leukemia are good indicators that your body is not healthy, so you shouldn’t pass off confusion, vomiting, or seizures as anything not important especially if you have a family history of cancer. Over 38,000 patients are diagnosed with leukemia each year and it can happen to anybody, so regular blood tests are highly recommended because the sooner you find out, the better.

A Study Of Solar Home Systems Environmental Sciences Essay

Electricity, identified as a basic human demand, is a key to economic growing, coevals of employment, riddance of poorness and human development particularly in rural communities. Adequate supplies of suited signifiers of this energy at acceptable cost for development, is an indispensable requirement for power suppliers.The crisp additions of oil monetary values in early 70s drew attending to energy supply jobs ( Energy in Ghana 2010 ) . Developing states in peculiar felt the impact of the high oil monetary values since import of energy takes a greater proportion of their export net incomes compared to the developed states. The two chief attacks for rural electrification are ; extension of power from the national grid to selected countries and the usage of Diesel bring forthing Stationss to function a little web which could non profit from the grid. Both ways have their ain short approachs. There is a high fiscal deductions associated with the extension of the grid over long distances ensuing in system instability every bit good as hapless burden factor and the troubles in the care of the long transmittal lines particularly in hard terrain. ( Kamalapur and Udaykumar 2010 ) Diesel generators on the other manus require regular supplies of fuel which sometimes are of major jobs for rural countries, particularly at certain season of the twelvemonth when the hapless nature of the roads in such countries are practically unpassable. Their predicaments worsen when fuel deficit hit the state at big. Besides the proviso of fuel, the keeping of competent operation care staff is really hard since offer of competitory wages are normally a major restraint. ( McNelis, Derrick and Starr 1988 ) Even with the qualified staffs, the necessity in obtaining the necessary spare parts in clip of demand to maintain the system running is a major factor. ( McNelis, Derrick and Starr 1988 ) . Rural electrification is regarded as a development precedence of most developing states like Ghana. Although big amounts of money are spent every twelvemonth on rural electrification, it will take old ages for small towns far off from the national grid to profit from a reasonably low-cost and dependable power supply. By the virtuousness of its geographical location, within the Torrid Zones ( lat.50, 36'N: Long. 00,10'E ) , Ghana is endowed with of course abundant renewable energy resources. The resources include Hydro, Bio and Solar energies ( Abakah, 1995 ) . Bio energy exists in the signifier wood fuels in the forest countries ; but its rate of development outweighs its regeneration. Hydro energy on the other manus is presently under-exploited. The state has two hydro-electric power Stationss and two thermic Stationss. However energies produced by these power Stationss are unequal for the states energy demands and has to import energy to supplement it ( Abakah, 1995 ) . It was estimated in the twelvemonth 2000 that electricity accounted for about 11 % of the entire energy consumed. The unequal supply of power chiefly obtained from hydro and thermic beginnings compelled the state to import some sum of energy from La Cote d'Ivoire to supplement her domestic supply particularly during peak hours. ( Energy in Ghana 2010 ) It was expected that by the twelvemonth 2010 the states energy system will alter from the mostly hydro-based system to a mostly thermal-based 1 with the hope of utilizing natural gas as the chief beginning of fuel. The alteration was to be made possible by the West African Gas Pipeline Project, which was expected to transport natural gas from Nigeria to Ghana. ( Energy in Ghana 2010 ) The current national entree to electricity supply is about 43 % of the population. However, over 80 % of the domestic electricity supply is consumed in the metropoliss and urban towns. ( Energy in Ghana 2010 ) Hydropower and imported dodo fuel are the chief energy beginnings used to bring forth electricity in the state. Ghana soon depends extremely on petroleum oil and wood fuel for her energy ingestion. The state ‘s energy ingestion therefore increase yearly as a consequence of growing in population coupled with economic activities every bit good as rural-urban migration and inflow of imported vehicles. Solar energy is available in limitless measures. It is merely used in its natural province largely for saving intents. Other resources like the air current energy, tides and geothermal are undistinguished in the state ( Abakah, 1995 ) . Heavy dependance on commercial fuel such as rough oil to run into the demands of the turning population is dismaying ensuing in short supply in energy. The deficit of the state ‘s energy supply compelled power suppliers to present burden casting which is more marked in the rural countries. ( Energy in Ghana 2010 ) Literature reappraisal Rural electrification is an of import component for rural growing and the relief of poorness in a state. ( Kamalapur, Udaykumar 2010 ) . In Ghana, electricity has non played the expected function in the socio-economic growing of the rural communities. Majority of the population of the state live in the rural countries. The consequence of population growing and supply jobs of fuels has a great impact on the inordinate usage of bio fuels particularly in the rural countries ensuing in deforestation through extra felling of trees ( Energy in Ghana 2010 ) The authorities ‘s aspiration to supply electricity to all rural communities by the twelvemonth 2020 is far from realization due to fiscal restraint as a barrier. This makes it extremely impossible for authorities to to the full run into all demand of energy supply with national grid system. The economic status of Ghana does non allow immediate solution of power crisis by imported fuels. With the rich solar resources available throughout the twelvemonth in Ghana and taking into history the cost component of PV solar place systems ( SHS ) as against the grid-connected system, the better option is to see Solar place system ( SHS ) as an alternate energy beginning for rural electrification in Ghana. Purpose: This undertaking is aimed at the design of suited Solar Home System ( SHS ) using appropriate devices such as maximal power point tracker and dc-dc convertor for rural electrification utilizing solar resources to run into some of their basic energy demands such as: lighting, cookery, H2O pumping, telephone communicating, and other consumer tools such as wirelesss, telecastings, iceboxs etc. Aim: At the terminal of this undertaking ; An efficient, dependable and low-cost solar place system ( SHS ) for rural electrification will be designed utilizing PV faculty as the power beginning. Communities in the rural countries could hold entree to electricity. [ A suited dc-dc convertor will be designed to fit District of Columbia battery tons. Clinics and wellness Centres in the distant countries will utilize the power to hive away vaccinums and indispensable drugs in deep deep-freezes and visible radiation every bit good doing usage of the power available. Schools in the distant countries will besides profit from the system. Rural Urban impetus could cut down Communities will profit from some societal activities With the handiness of power. The power supplied by a solar panel depends on the sunstroke, temperature and electromotive force of the panel and so an of import consideration in the design of efficient solar systems is to track the correct maximal power point ( MPPT ) . ( Hur, Shen 1998 ) . The intent of the MPPT is to travel the panel runing electromotive force near to the MPP under altering atmospheric conditions. ( Solar Energy International 2010 ) Basic map of maximal power point trailing ( MPPT ) system A extremely efficient dc-dc convertor to optimise electrical power for photovoltaic ( PV ) cell, is the maximal power point tracker. It ensures faculties operate near maximal power point. This helps to bring forth suited power to drive tonss. When PV faculties are used for the beginning of energy, MPPT is used to rectify fluctuations in the system by leting the accountant to track the maximal power point of the array throughout the twenty-four hours to in order to present the maximal energy available to the battery ( Solar Energy International 2010 ) . With MPPT, a higher end product electromotive force of faculties than battery systems can be used by consumers. System complexness is minimised by the MPPT. It has the ability to supervise the end product electromotive force and current from the panel and decides the operating point of power to the batteries. It prevents soaking and dispatching to solar panels. ( Anderson, Dohan and Sikora 2003 ) The nonlinear fluctuation of end product electromotive force and current are overcome by the MPPT every bit good. ( Tharama, Kumar and Naik 2005 ) .It has the ability to increase the efficiency of solar panels 25 % -30 % more the normal accountant ( Solar Energy International 2010 ) Photovoltaics: Photovoltaic systems are solar systems that produce electricity straight from sunshine. ( Solar Energy International ) . The system produces clean, dependable energy. It does non do usage of fossil fuels. It is widely used in many applications. A common application for PV engineering is illuming, powering of wirelesss, pocket reckoners, tickers etc. It is besides used on big graduated table to supply consumers with solar-generated electricity or as a back-up for critical equipment. In this undertaking, PV panel will be used as the chief power beginning. Solar radiation received by the panel, are stored in batteries for usage latter.Other Maximum.Other devices and equipment work together in harmoniousness to accomplish a good consequence. ( Solar Energy International 2010 ) . The Sun ‘s place alterations with clip ensuing in panels having changing Sun light so MPPT integrating a convertor and accountant will be used to fit the d.c battery burden. ( Solar Energy International 2010 ) . Besides the usage of equipment and devices for the systems, some of import factors are taken in consideration to guarantee a good design. These includes: latitude, the degree of radiation over a period of clip, cloud, shadiness, joust, orientation.etc Barricading rectifying tube Ipv req dc-dc convertor m Vo Ipv, Vpv MPPT Control Drive Circuit Circuit Fig. 2 shows overall conventional of the PV faculty with MPPT accountant ( Beginning: Photovoltaic major undertaking overview ) Gnatt chart demoing clip program of the undertaking

Gossip Girls

How many times a day do you gossip . . . .Either as a sender or receiver? Although you may think gossip is harmless, it can have some pretty serious consequences. It did for four former employees of the town of Hooksett, Mew Hampshire, who were fired by the city council for gossiping about their boss. They learned the hard way that the gossip can cost you your job. The longtime employees were fired because one of the woman had used derogatory terms to describe the town administrator and because all of them had discussed a rumor that he was having an affair with a female subordinate.All four of the woman acknowledged feeling resentment toward the woman. Who worked in a specially created position and was paid more than two of the employees, despite having less experience and seniority. Despite an appeal of their dismissal by the four employees, the Hooksett council didn’t budge and stated. â€Å"These employees do not represent the best of the town of Hooksett and the false rum ors, gossip and derogatory statement have contributed to a negative working environment and malcontent among their fellow employees.† Despite national media attention and a petition signed by 419 residents, asking for the woman to be reinstated, the city council hasn’t wavered on its decision. An attorney for the four women said that his clients were, â€Å"legitimately questioning the conduct of their supervisor, and whether the female subordinate was getting preferential treatment. It almost cheapens it to call it gossip. It might have been idle, not particularly thoughtful, talk. But there was no harm intended.

INTERNATIONL TRADE essays

INTERNATIONL TRADE essays In todays world there are many issues in need of reformation, one of which is international trade, otherwise known as globalization. Although there are a great deal of rules, regulations, and policies imposed on international trade, the manner in which those rules have been enforced is a major controversy that seems to be escalating day by day. At the center of the controversy is the World Trade Organization (WTO). The WTO was established in 1995 in order to transform the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) into an enforceable global commercial code. Critics of the WTO say that instead of being run democratically and in the interest of member countries, it has become the enforcer of corporate managed trade. A system whose ethics are not in favor of the public interest, instead the focus has shifted to large corporations and making money. Profit is the motivating factor behind decisions made by the WTO. By looking at international trade from the rational perspective, the WTO has not only failed to protect consumers, workers, and the environment, it has also acquired a number of opponents and protestors. Recent issues concerning the WTO include President Clintons signing of a bill, which grants permanent normal trade relations to China and virtually guarantees them membership into the WTO. Not concerned with Chinas communist regime that abuses its workers, supporters of the bill call it a major victory for U.S. companies like Microsoft Corp. and Boeing Co., which hoped the deal would result in billions of dollars in new sales in the Chinese marketplace (abcnews.go.com/wire/world/reuters). Once again they are demonstrating that the pursuit of wealth is its number one goal and ignoring massive protests launched by American labor unions who argue that the pact could cost hundreds of thousands of American jobs due to an increase in Chinese imports and companies w ...

Anchorman Movie Quotes

Anchorman Movie Quotes Anchorman is a crazy comedy that focuses on important issues that emerged in the 1970s- womens liberation being one of them. The movie is subtitled The Legend of Ron Burgundy. When the movie opens, Ron is the most happening anchorman in San Diego. As the character Bill Lawson says, He was like a god walking among mere mortals. All this changes when Veronica Corningstone enters the scene, wanting to be the top anchorwoman. Ron Burgundy cannot accept it. He is incredulous that a woman could aspire to become an anchorman. There is a constant battle between Ron and Veronica throughout the film. Read these Anchorman movie quotes and get a glimpse into this funny film. Ron Burgundy I love scotch. Scotchy, scotch, scotch. Here it goes down, down into my belly.Im a man who discovered the wheel and built the Eiffel Tower out of metal and brawn. Thats what kind of man I am. Youre just a woman with a small brain. With a brain a third the size of us. Its science.Well, I could be wrong, but I believe, uh, diversity is an old, old wooden ship that was used during the Civil War era.Youre so wise. Youre like a miniature Buddha, covered with hair.Im in a glass case of emotion! Veronica Corningstone Oh, Ron, there are literally thousands of men that I should be with instead, but I am 72 percent sure that I love you! Brian Fantana No, she gets a special cologne ... Its called Sex Panther by Odeon. Its illegal in nine countries.  Yep, its made with bits of real panther, so you know its good. Champ Kind I woke up on the floor of some Japanese familys rec room, and they would NOT stop screaming!  We need you. Hell, I need you. Im a mess without ya. I miss you  so damn much. I miss being with you. I miss being near you! I miss your laugh! I miss your scent. I miss your musk. When this all gets sorted out, I think you and me should get an apartment together. Bill Lawson Bob Dylan once wrote, The times, they are a-changin. Ron Burgundy had never heard that song.  There was a time, a time before cable, when the local anchorman reigned supreme. When people believed everything they heard on TV. This was an age when only men were allowed to read the news. And in San Diego, one anchorman was more man than the rest. His name was Ron Burgundy. He was like a god walking amongst mere mortals. He had a voice that could make a wolverine purr and suits so fine they made Sinatra look like a hobo. In other words, Ron Burgundy was the balls. Brick Tamland Im Brick Tamland. People seem to like me because I am polite and I am rarely late. I like to eat ice cream and I really enjoy a nice pair of slacks. Years later, a doctor will tell me that I have an IQ of 48 and am what some people call mentally retarded. Tino We have a saying in my country: – The coyote of the desert likes to eat the heart of the young and the blood drips down to his children for breakfast, lunch, and dinner. Wes Mantooth At the bottom of my gut, with every inch of me, I plain, straight hate you. But dammit, do I respect you!

The Managerial Theories Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

The Managerial Theories - Essay Example This paper covers the inherent conflict between providing costly incentives to motivate managers to perform well, against the overall profit motive of the firm. In analysing this conundrum, the author will call on the different kinds of motivational tools available to the Managing Director and the Board of Directors of a firm, and how those tools are regarded both by the managers whose incentives are affected, and the shareholders of the firm, who are presumably trying to maximise their gain (Griffith 2000).  As income taxes have risen over the past historical era, the outright impact of salary or bonus increases has been moderated somewhat. The incremental tax on income in the UK and the US is at about 50%, hen all local and national income taxes are taken into account. Thus the standard supply and demand relationship demonstrates a curve, as shown below. Since taxes climb with income, the curve’s change in slope is more pronounced:  As compared to the turn of the last ce ntury, when income taxes were less than 10%, the total impact of increases in wages has therefore moderated. The second influence on this moderation has been the increase in the value of leisure time (Kokoski 1987). As the value of leisure hours has increased, the amount which needs to be paid to offset the value of leisure time has also increased, all else being equal.  Group incentives can take the form of income increases (salary and bonus) or non-monetary rewards, such as additional vacation days. From a microeconomics standpoint, there is no difference between group pay incentives and individual pay incentives. There are psychological differences which can be substantial, however, depending on the type of performance being rewarded.   An extreme example of the point above is an individual whose personal rewards far exceed those of the group.

World Literature Comparison Work with some Creative Writing Essay

World Literature Comparison Work with some Creative Writing - Essay Example Annanu, the spider, wants that stories must be told about him as well .The God gives him some arduous tasks and tells that if he is able to accomplish them, then he can have his stories told as well. He is very small creature and it appears that he will not be able to fulfill the tasks granted but with his wit and acumen, Annanu successfully carries the responsibility of the tasks. Similar to this is the story of the mice, in the book called Panchatantra, The Mice and the Elephants, the mice are very clever creatures, and at the first place it appears that would they never be able to repay the King Elephant for the good he once did to them. Nevertheless, when the time comes these small creatures leave no stone unturned to help the elephants out. The use of non-human character renders effectiveness to these fables. These fables are meant to deliver some message and are morality based. They lay set of rules for the individual, which needs to be followed for living in a society. Animal characters worked well in ancient times in the sense that the tales were carried out objectively without offending anyone and secondly,the ancient people felt that animals need to be recognized as living creatures with individuality. As God has bestowed life in all beings irrespective of class and gender, they play important part in our lives. These stories would change if the characters were human and the animals were different. In the story of The Mice and the Elephant if there had been some other animal instead of mice the important moral that this story tries to convey that is never underestimate people with little appearance would have lost altogether .Similarly, In the story Why We Tell Stories about Spider ,would have been ineffective. Even God tells spider to prove his significance in order to get his stories told. He is a trickster and be fools mighty animals, no other animal in his place would have justified this. 2. All that Glitter is not gold is a proverb that conveys a very profound meaning. Human being has a tendency to get attracted towards beautiful things that is, they judge people with the outer appearance. This adage is true, as appearances are deceptive some times, that is, all that glitters or shines is not necessarily gold or holds value of Gold. April showers bring May flowers, this proverb suggests that some unusual happenings are always accompanied by the best fortunes. April showers refer to the bad times or unusual happenings which are always followed by pleasant or good times. Ask me no questions, I will tell you no lies, this one refers to ideology of the present generation that is; there are some subjects, which I would rather not discuss. Three proverbs from the textbook are, â€Å"It is no use crying over spilled milk†, â€Å"A penny saved is penny earned†, â€Å"where there’s a will there’s a way†. The proverb, â€Å"It is no use crying over spilled milk†, reflects a common truth of li fe that whatever is lost is lost. There is no use lamenting on the thing that is lost as it will not come back .The second proverb, â€Å"A penny saved is penny earned† is an advice, that expresses the basic truth of life. The people who squander must know that they need to save for the rainy days or the hard times in the life. Saving the money is a good habit and helps one facing hard times. The third proverb, â€Å"where there’s a will there’s a way expresses common truth that if a man is determined to do something that the life opens ways for you that is the doors of opportunities open for people who have desire and determination. A proverb is defined as a short pithy saying in frequent and widespread use. It expresses a basic truth or practical precept. All these