Business Environment Fiscal Policy and Monetary Policy Essay Example

Business Environment Fiscal Policy and Monetary Policy Paper Financial Policy versus Fiscal Policy Financial Environment alludes to each one of those monetary components, which have a heading on the working of a business. Business relies upon the financial condition for all the required sources of info. It additionally relies upon the monetary condition to sell the completed merchandise. Normally, the reliance of business on the monetary condition is absolute and isn't astonishing on the grounds that, as it is properly stated, business is one unit of the complete economy. Monetary condition impacts the business by and large. It alludes to every one of those monetary variables which influence the working of a specialty unit. Reliance of business on financial condition is absolute - ? I. E. For information and furthermore to sell the completed merchandise. Prepared financial analysts providing the Macro monetary gauge and exploration are found in significant organizations in assembling, trade and money which demonstrate the significance of monetary condition in business. The accompanying components establish monetary condition of business: (an) Economic framework (b) Economic arranging (c) Industry (d) Agriculture (e) Infrastructure (f) financial segments (g) Removal of provincial uneven characters h) Price conveyance controls (I) Economic changes (j) Human asset and (k) Per capita pay and national salary The state turned into the encourager of reserve funds and furthermore a significant speculator and the proprietor of capital. Since the state was to be the essential operator of financial change, it followed that private area exercises must be carefully directed and controlled to comply with the goals of state strategy. We will compose a custom exposition test on Business Environment Fiscal Policy and Monetary Policy explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now We will compose a custom article test on Business Environment Fiscal Policy and Monetary Policy explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer We will compose a custom article test on Business Environment Fiscal Policy and Monetary Policy explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer The development procedure additionally implied, in the early long stretches of arranging, an overall disregard Of open interests in horticulture. This carelessness Of farming division was implied by the general view that the expansion work in the creating nations must be invested in the business, and that during the beginning times of industrialization, it was fundamental for horticulture to contribute in the foundation of current industry by offering cheap work power. A quicker improvement of industry was the focal target of arranging. The above is a simple portrayal of the development technique followed by the organizers in the previous four decades. Monetary strategy might be characterized as a rationale under which the administration utilizes its consumption and income customized to deliver attractive impact stay away from bothersome impact on national salary, creation and joblessness. It accentuates the impact of government consumption and income upon absolute economy and contends that they ought to be utilized intentionally and deliberately as an adjusting element to make sure about monetary adjustment. Financial arrangement is the methods by which a legislature modifies its spending levels and expense rates to screen and impact a country s economy. It is the sister technique to fiscal approach through which national bank impacts a countries cash gracefully. These two arrangements are utilized in different blends to coordinate a countrys financial objectives. Gerhard Cool characterizes financial arrangement as the direct of government use, incomes and obligation the board so as to consider the impact of these activities in the allotment of assets and the progression of assets and subsequently their effect fair and square of pay costs business and creation. In the cutting edge government association the measures of open consumptions, incomes and open obligation are tremendous to such an extent, that they have weapon to accept a significant significance in the national economy. The ideal financial strategy can be sought after by budgetary estimates like tax assessment, use, open obligation and so forth. Job OF FISCAL POLICY He job of financial strategy in controlling the economy and shielding it from the ills of the market system were perceived gradually. Prior, governments were married to the conventional goals of sound budgetary arrangement of maintaining a strategic distance from deficiencies. Such an arrangement, in addition to other things, was causing to issues. One was as Keynes pointed the way that an endeavor to adjust the financial plan would put it to an unbalance and the other way around. The second was that through the procedure of adjusted spending multiplier, the financial plan was adding to the seriousness of repetitive variances. It was with incredible trouble that the propriety and convenience of the financial approach in battling the ills of the economy were perceived, particularly during the incomparable Depression of 1 backtalk. It was yielded that the administration had an essential obligation of helping the economy towards adjustment. As referenced before, the job of financial arrangement in advancing monetary soundness was perceived gradually, and not adequately till the Great Depression of 1 backtalk. In reality, as Keynes brought up ,the conventional sound budgetary arrangement of evading deficiencies itself contributed towards more prominent insecurity and made the errand of keeping the financial plan adjusted, even more troublesome. This actually, created an unreasonable arrangement with respect to the specialists, pushing the consumption and request in the economy down during a time of wretchedness and pushing them up during a blast. The advancement of the ideas of multiplier, and quickening agent and the connection between the large scale factors like venture, Income utilization and reserve funds empowered the financial aspects to imagine all the more obviously the sparkles of exchange cycles and the job which monetary strategy could play. This offered ascend to the standard of compensatory fund and utilitarian money. It was understood that through monetary arrangement , the legislature could generally, kill the destabilize developments in the economy. The general hypothetical ranch work was that a downturn is brought about by an insufficiency of powerful interest. Financial approach should cure it by expanding open consumption and by empowering private use; comparably during a blast period the need is to control the interest which again can be somewhat done fashioned shortening open use and gathering through checking the private use. HOW FISCAL POLICY WORKS? Financial approach depends on the speculations of British business analyst John Maynard Keynes. Otherwise called Keynesian financial matters, this hypothesis fundamentally expresses that legislatures can impact macroeconomic efficiency levels by expanding or diminishing assessment levels and open spending. This impact, thus, controls swelling (for the most part viewed as sound when between 2-3%), builds business and keeps up a solid estimation of cash. Monetary approach is critical to the economy. For instance, in 201 2 many stressed that the monetary bluff, a concurrent increment in charge rates and slices in government spending set to happen in January 2013, would send the U S. Economy back to downturn. The US. Congress stayed away from this issue by passing the American Taxpayer Relief Act of 2012 on Jan. 1, 2013. Exercise in careful control The thought, be that as it may, is to discover a harmony between changing expense rates and open spending. For instance, invigorating a stale economy by expanding spending or bringing down assessments risks making expansion rise. This is on the grounds that an expansion in the measure of cash in the economy, trailed by an expansion in purchaser request, can bring about a lessening in the estimation of cash implying that it would take more cash to purchase something that has not changed in esteem. Tees state that an economy has eased back down. Joblessness levels are up, shopper spending is down and organizations are not making significant benefits. An administration therefore chooses to fuel the economys motor by diminishing tax assessment, which gives buyers additionally going through cash, while expanding government spending through purchasing administrations from the market, (for example, building streets or schools). By paying for such administrations, the overspent makes occupations and wages that are thusly siphoned into the economy. Siphoning cash into the economy by diminishing tax collection and expanding government spending is otherwise called siphon preparing. Meanwhile, in general joblessness levels will fall. With more cash in the economy and less duties to pay, customer interest for merchandise and enterprises increments. This, thusly, revives organizations and diverts the cycle around from stale to dynamic. Assuming, be that as it may, there are no reins on this procedure, the expansion in financial efficiency can traverse an extremely barely recognizable difference and lead to an excessive amount of cash in the market. This overabundance in gracefully wrinkles the estimation of cash while pushing up costs (due to the expansion sought after for customer items). Thus, swelling surpasses the sensible level. Thus, adjusting the economy through financial arrangement alone can be a troublesome, if not unrealistic, intends to arrive at monetary objectives. If not firmly checked, the line between a profitable economy and one that is tainted by swelling can be effortlessly obscured. Furthermore, When the Economy Needs to Be Curbed . At the point when swelling is excessively solid, the economy may require a log jam. In such a circumstance, a legislature can utilize monetary arrangement to expand assessments to suck cash UT of the economy. Financial strategy could likewise direct an abatement in government going through and in this way decline the cash available for use. Obviously, the conceivable negative impacts of such an approach over the long haul could be a lazy economy and high joblessness levels. In any case, the procedure proceeds as the administration utilizes its monetary approach to calibrate spending and tax collection levels, with the objective of night out the business cycles. WHO DOES FISCAL POLICY AFFECT? Shockingly, the impacts of any monetary strategy are not the equivalent for everybody. Contingent upon the political or

Asian Business - Case Study of Mitsui Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Asian Business - Case Study of Mitsui - Essay Example The overarching strategy during that time was that items were specially made, and Mitsui resisted normal negotiating prudence by making items first and afterward selling them. Mitsui’s beginning invasion into the banking and account industry came in the late seventeenth century. Moving cash between urban communities during that primitive time was amazingly unsafe, so Mitsui set up â€Å"money exchanges† in Edo. Much like a crude antecedent to a Western Union, these foundations obliged the exchange of assets and diminished the measure of hazard engaged with the exchange( Shinjo, 1962 11) By 1876, the organization had set up Mitsui Bank, which was the nation’ first private bank. Approaching the mid twentieth century, the organization came to be known as one of the biggest zaibatsu in Japan. A conspicuous element of pre-World War II Japan, a zaibatsu can be inexactly characterized as â€Å" a business element made out of a few differentiated undertakings possessed and only constrained by a solitary family â€Å"( Morikawa, 1970:62) These ironclad imposing business models empowered the organization to be a focal business figure in pre-war Japan. Getting the pieces after the war, the remainders of the organizations from the destroyed Mitsui zaibatsu improved themselves into the alleged monetary marvels of the after war period, the keiretsu. Taking after what could be compared to a western combination, the changed business bunch was propelled with a capitalization of 195,000 yen and around 35 workers. Its attacks into outside exchange enormously encouraged the country’s post-war financial resurrection. In the 1960’s Mitsui exploited fast exchange advancement, and was effective in making sure about a steady gracefully of food, oil, and coal for residential utilize flowed through its abroad possessions. A venture into gaseous petrol assets in the 1970’s protected the organization from the decade’s oil emergency, and blunted the impacts of the overall financial downturn. (Mitsui,

d-d-d-d-drop date

d-d-d-d-drop date tl;dr: MIT lets you drop subjects basically at the end of the semester which is different and wonderful Oh, boy, I have been awake for many hours and in one more hour (its midnight rn) I will drive to Atlanta to attempt to fly back to Boston since essentially all of the flights out of my local airport were cancelled today and I have attendance-necessary, non-lecture classes to get to on Tuesday. This was my first year not staying in Cambridge for Thanksgiving, and I understand why now (so much work so little reliable plane). Turns out its really hard to revise that paper and do that pset when you have a puppy to play with. Thanksgiving plane tickets cost so much that I ended up skipping 3 days of classes just so that I could go home for less than a thousand dollars.  The fried turkey was nice, though. The Wednesday that I missed was a really special day for MIT that we call Drop Date. November 21, 2018, marked the deadline to remove from your transcript any class in which you were currently enrolled.  In the spring Baker House usually drops a piano off their roof to celebrate, but it’s too cold for that now. Whats so special about Drop Date? Maybe you completed a couple of midterms and a chunk of psets in a class and realized that its likely you wont pass or get the grade you want. Drop the class! Maybe you registered for like ten classes with the intention of only completing four. Drop the other five! Maybe you just want to stay at MIT forever and retake classes over and over. Drop all your classes!01 This is a joke. Please dont do this. Over the break, I was talking to my sister02 she goes to another university that recently lost the Iron Bowl about dropping classes, and she said that it sucks.03 this is true of most colleges You have a week or two to drop a class and it costs money. If you drop any later the class will show up on your transcript as a withdrawal, which looks a little ugly to grad schools and such. MIT is cool with you dropping classes 11 weeks into a 14-week semester. It will only show up on your internal transcript.04 the one that MIT keeps, not the one that gets sent to people In fact, it won’t even show up on your internal transcript if you drop before the fifth week of the semester. Perhaps best of all, it doesn’t cost money. This probably has something to do with how at MIT you don’t pay tuition based on the number of credit-hours you take. Everyone pays the same tuition, and you can take as many classes as you can feasibly absorb. It’s great for nerds who want to study rockets and music and politics and physics. Since I love to extensively plan and schedule and scheme to maximize my fulfillment of institute requirements without overextending my goblin brain, I’ve sparingly taken advantage of this resource. Nevertheless, it’s nice to know it’s there if I need it (like a Who Wants to Be a Millionaire lifeline). Every post deserves pictures, so here are some precious moments from the past week. Enjoy! Post Tagged #drop date #Thanksgiving This is a joke. Please don't do this. back to text ? she goes to another university that recently lost the Iron Bowl back to text ? this is true of most colleges back to text ? the one that MIT keeps, not the one that gets sent to people back to text ?

Isolation And Of Mice And Men By James Joyce - 2480 Words

Explore the ways in which the theme of isolation is presented in Dubliners and Of Mice and Men. Isolation - a complete, or near-complete lack of contact with people or society. People can either ostracise you, deliberately shunning you out, which is mainly the type which can be found in the books which we have studied, or it can be very accidental. From The Dubliners, a collection of short stories, I have selected two that I feel can be related to themes of isolation and withdrawal: First, The Dead, written by James Joyce, set in Edwardian Dublin, and like Of Mice and Men, it contains strong themes of isolation, primarily between the two main characters, Gretta and Gabriel Conroy. Joyce presents Gabriel as being very out of control of the situation, and although in close proximity to his wife, they are both in very different worlds; very apart. In Eveline, she doesn’t have any say on what she does with her life, often she finds herself isolated from her family, and is limited by the moral contexts restricting women at the time. The book Of Mice and Men, written by John Steinbeck, and set in rural southern California during the depression, follows the hopes of both Lennie Small and George Milton, towards their dream of owning a ranch together; a unique aspiration in a book full of insecurity and isolation. Most of the characters in this book are very isolated: by gender, for example there is only one woman, by race, for example there is only one black character, or evenShow MoreRelatedOf Mice and Men1242 Words   |  5 PagesOf Mice and Men Thomas Hobbes in his Leviathan states that, in the state of nature mans life is nasty, brutish and short. In depression era America, no greater truth could be said. There were millions unemployed, largely unskilled and living on the margins of society. The lowest of the low were the migrant labourers travelling from place to place trying to scratch a living. They often had to travel illegally by freight car with all its consequent dangers. Their life expectancy was low, crimeRead MoreComparing Rosemarie Seus And John Steinbeck s Of Mice And Men2004 Words   |  9 PagesRosemarie Seus John Steinbeck’s Of Mice and Men John Steinbeck On Feb. 27, 1902, in Salinas, California, John Ernst Steinbeck Jr was born.His father, John Ernst Steinbeck worked several jobs, while his mother, Olive Hamilton Steinbeck was a former schoolteacher. Steinbeck had a mostly happy childhood – he grew up with three sisters, was smart, and formed an early appreciation for the land. Steinbeck decided to become a writer at the age of 14, writing many poems and stories. He enrolled in StanfordRead MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 PagesModel 23 An Overview 23 †¢ Inputs 24 †¢ Processes 25 †¢ Outcomes 25 Summary and Implications for Managers 30 S A L Self-Assessment Library How Much Do I Know About Organizational Behavior? 4 Myth or Science? â€Å"Most Acts of Workplace Bullying Are Men Attacking Women† 12 An Ethical Choice Can You Learn from Failure? 24 glOBalization! Does National Culture Affect Organizational Practices? 30 Point/Counterpoint Lost in Translation? 31 Questions for Review 32 Experiential Exercise Workforce DiversityRead MoreFundamentals of Hrm263904 Words   |  1056 Pagesreviewers of this edition: Norman Foy, Mercy College; Cathy Daly, Cal State Sacramento; Barbara Blissert, Mills College; Teresa Palmer, Illinois State University; Eugene Garaventa, College of Staten Island; Carolyn Waits, Cincinnati State University; Joyce Guillory, Austin Community College; Diane Regal, Sullivan County Community College; Robert Perkins, Mercer University; Carol A. Spector, University of North Florida; and Kim Lukaszewski, SUNY, New Paltz. A book doesn’t simply appear automatically on

Botswanas Economy Depends on Diamond Mining - 1286 Words

1. INTRODUCTION It is a well-known fact that Botswana’s economy is based on mineral resources especially diamonds. As such since the 2008 economic meltdown, the diamond market has not thrived as well as it used to, prompting the Government of Botswana to come up with ways of diversifying the economy and reducing reliance on the mining sector. The main challenge for the country now is how to diversify its economy and reduce heavy reliance on diamond revenue. Therefore in 2010 the Economic Diversification Drive was borne in an effort to come up with ways of diversifying the country’s economy. According to the Economic Diversification Drive Strategy of Botswana, â€Å"Economic diversification means diversifying a country’s sources of economic†¦show more content†¦The country should also promote the development of industries. These are able to employ a lot of people. In addition, the government should make it easy for industries and the private sector to obtain funding. 2.2 DEVELOP THE AGRICULTURE SECTOR Botswana imports most of its food from other countries. In order to diversify the country should cut down its import bill on food and start producing its own and maybe be able to export to other countries as well. Also Agriculture is a labour intensive and it creates a lot of jobs. Job creating sectors are important for the development of the country as well as the development of the economy. Most farmers in Botswana cannot access funding and therefore they do not have working capital even if they do have the machinery and other inputs for farming. The country should have food security and be self-sustaining. 2.3 GOVERNANCE United Nations OSAA (2011) asserts that â€Å"good governance is a pre-requisite in building an enabling environment for economic diversification.† The Government has to set up and establish favourable regulatory frameworks that encourage economic activity and to ensure a healthy business climate in the country. In the case of Botswana, the country has a lot of policies that should be supporting the diversification strategy of the country. Unfortunately most of these policies are run parallel even though they are supposed to be complementing each other. Also the turnaroundShow MoreRelatedThe Role Of Centralized Policies On The State Capacities929 Words   |  4 Pagesthe trained and efficient bureaucracy to devise national development schemes and implement relevant legal frameworks (Reinert, 2010). In addition to the capacities of setting up development plans, the successful development in resource-based economy depends on their ability to save all or part of the revenues from the extractive industries (Lewin, 2011). Since the non-renewable resources are destined to be depleted in the future, the mineral-wealth is limited, and it means the state should save theRead MoreEssay on Botswana4082 Words   |  17 Pageslived contentedly through the land’s provisions of plants and abundant species of animals and through prosperous trade with each other. Today, this simple way of life conflicts the nation’s potential wealth in democracy, cattle industry, diamond-mining, and other technologies. Both lifestyles have their advantages and disadvantages, a majority of which will be portrayed within this composition. Botswana is entangled in a struggle to produce what is healthiest for its country’s people and environment

Soul Surfer †Persuasive Free Essays

This film has many positive lessons to be taken to heart throughout the film. However, the strongest messages are that with a bit of perspective and the support of our friends and family. You can make it through the worst of tragedies. We will write a custom essay sample on Soul Surfer – Persuasive or any similar topic only for you Order Now Our family and friends are often our support system. With them, anything becomes possible. Tom Hamilton, Bethanys father (played by Dennis Quaid) tells Bethany when she is ready to quit surfing after the attack; â€Å"That shark didn’t kill you, you are still here, still alive, ith a family who loves you†. (1) Bethany may have lost an arm, but that is not to say she has lost everything. Throughout this uphill battle, Bethany has her friends and family there for her to help her get back on the board with confidence and to turn surfing back into the Joyful hobby she initially fell in love with. Similarly, perspective is everything. It is our outlook on life and how we are able to see and eventually come to terms with life’s simplest and toughest decisions. During one of the towns youth ights, Sarah Hill, the youth group’s pastor (played by Carrie Underwood) says â€Å"It can be hard to make sense of things when you are looking at them really close. The same is true in life, so if you are ever dealing with anything that is Just too hard to handle, or does not seem to make much sense, get a new perspective. † (2) After the attack Bethany struggles in finding a reason why this has all happened to her. Why she has lost her arm, why she must learn how to do almost everything again, and how this could be gods plan for her. Through the guidance of Sarah’s advice in getting a new perspective, and through her own faith, Bethany was able to come to a positive conclusion. With perspective and support you can make it over the highest bumps in the road. The movie’s enticingly unique story creates an everlasting connection between your own life and to the life of Bethany Hamilton’s. Based on true-life events, this story will inspire you to love yourself, and to be thankful for all that you have. When director Sean McNama was asked about the challenges of making this movie nd he said â€Å"it is about who Bethany really is, and so yeah-there was some give and take on both sides to make it great, but I was like let’s Just be true to what she is. (3) Since Sean was able to stay so true to whom and what the real Bethany is all about, it makes you really see and have an appreciation for all she has gone through. And furthermore, all the struggles and obstacles she will continue to be faced with throughout the rest of her life. In addition, the special effects of this movie really add on to the overall performance and the reality of the s tory. AnnaShophia Robb ore a green sleeve on her arm, which was later digitally removed to portray the missing limb. After the shooting of the actual scene took place, the crew would shot a second one without anybody, insuring the background would match with the movie They had to do this tor every scene that Bethany was in, theretore tor the scene. majority of the movie. This was difficult because they had to do this without wasting precious amounts of time. The main reason being, they were relying on the weather to hold up. All the extra work and attention to detail paid off, because everything ooks realistic, and as a viewer you can remain focused on the story and not the obvious Photoshop. When combing a story line based on true-life events and incredible special effects, you are left with a captivating movie. Creating relatable and convincing characters is perhaps the hardest aspect in making films. You may know her from movies such as; Charlie and the Chocolate Factory, Race to Witch Mountain, or maybe even from Because of Winn-Dixie. AnnaSophia Robb plays the main character of Bethany Hamilton. The character of Bethany is a strong one to say the ery least. With her persistence and confidence, she outshines all the other characters, making her relatable. One of the most memorable quotes in this move is said by the character herself, â€Å"l do not need easy, I Just need possible. † (4) What makes this role so strong is throughout the entire film, you embark on this Journey and you wait on Bethanys character to breakdown, quit, or to lose faith in everything. But she never does. She shows us her strength, determination and will to find the positive outcomes in all tragic things. Although the character of Bethany Hamilton is extraordinary, Soul Surfer has at least two memorable characters. You may know her from her victory on the fourth season of American Idol, or the story of a small town Oklahoma girl turns platinum recording artist; Carrie Underwood makes her acting debut, playing the inspirational role of the youth group’s pastor-Sarah Hill. Carrie shows that she has the ability to light up a big screen in her movie debut, but it is the character she plays that makes the movie as moving as it is. Sarah Hill tells Bethany â€Å"l o not know why terrible things happen to us sometimes, but I have to believe something good is going to come out of this. (5) This inspires Bethany to get back into the water, and to not lose faith in not only herself and her abilities, but also not lose faith in God and the role he plays in her life. Sarah’s compassion and Christian beliefs make this movie inspiring, relatable, and moving. Sarah’s character demonstrates a strong Christian belief which remains true to the life of the real Bethany Hamilton; by still hav ing a huge significance to the story, Sarah does this ithout alienating the non-Christian audiences. How to cite Soul Surfer – Persuasive, Essays

Research Report on Operating System Maintenance

Question: Discuss the goal and Objectives of the Study, significance and Relevant of the Study and review on the Operating System Maintenance? Answer: Introduction The operating system is a vital program for running any device like computers, mobile phones, and tablets. Every computer needs to have an operating system for running any applications or programs. The operating system efficiently controls the peripheral devices and other computing devices. To maintain the proper working of the operating system, it is very much essential to concentrate on the maintenance of the operating system (McKusick, Neville-Neil Watson, 2014). Regular maintenance of the operating systems keeps the computer up to speed and helps the operating system to overcome annoying problems. Few steps that need to be followed for proper maintenance of operating system includes disk cleanup, defragmentation of the hard drive, deletion of the temporary files, and securing the computers from malware and virus attacks (Locker et al., 2013). This research paper reflects the study of the background of the research upon the maintenance of Operating Systems. Then the research paper illustrates the research focus which comprises of the research problems, research questions, and research aim. The research paper discusses the literature review and summary of the research. Then the research report then concentrates on the research methodology that includes qualitative research, quantitative research, data collection, and data analysis. Finally, the research report provides a conclusion and future scope of the research. Problem Statement The main research problem is related to issues that are encountered while maintaining an operating system. The research paper mainly focuses on identifying the issues related to the maintenance of the operating system. For keeping an operating system up to date and to let it work in an efficient manner, the running needs to be maintained adequately. But during the maintenance of the operating system, few problems arise and which requires addressing for overcoming such problems. Goal and Objectives of the Study The primary goal of the study is to identify the problem that is encountered during the maintenance of an operating system. Then it focuses on the identification of the possible solutions for maintaining an operating system. Finally, the research paper will verify the effectiveness of the potential solutions for better maintenance of the operating system. The research paper focuses on the maintenance of the operating system. The operating system is regarded as the heart of the computer system because when the computer is turn on, the operating system first performs the task of booting and, later on, it makes all the elements of the computer to work properly (Cui et al., 2015). Hence, it is necessary to maintain the Operating System in an efficient manner. But during the maintenance process, there are several problems arise and which need to be reduced for better functioning of the computer system (Rcz Petersen, 2016). The objectives are: To identify the problems arises from the maintenance of an operating system. To identify the possible solutions to maintain an operating system. To identify whether the options are practical for better maintenance of the operating system. Significance and Relevant of the Study As the new operating systems are becoming complex, for that reason all the necessary techniques need to be identified for maintaining an operating system. This research study is very much essential for identifying the problems that are encountered during the maintenance of large operating systems. Then the solutions are also identified during the research work and accordingly the maintenance team will perform the activity to maintain an operating system in an effective manner. Review on the Operating System Maintenance 1. Problems Encountered During Operating System Maintenance Some researches are being conducted for identifying the problems which encounter during the maintenance of an operating system. Firstly, there is a problem known as Blue Screen of Death (BSoD) which is an error that is encountered during operating system failure (Peter et al., 2015). This STOP error arises on the computer screen due to several reasons such as failing of the hardware, damaging software, corrupted DDL files, and problems encountered in the drive (Le Tan, 2013). Several codes are provided by the maintenance team to fix such computer problems. Secondly, there is a problem that clashes with Dynamic-Link Library (DDL) files that store information on the operating system to perform several operations. Sometimes the DLL files get loses or damages and which in turn affects the performance of the operating systems. By downloading the missing DLL files, the problem can be solved, and the better functioning of the operating system can be maintained (Finkelstein Gertsbakh, 2016 ). Thirdly, during the maintenance of an operating system, another common problem arises, and that is the applications are not installing correctly. The reason for this issue is that the computer doesn't have sufficient space on its hard drive. For overcoming such problem, it is necessary to delete the duplicate files and temporary files for better functioning of the operating system (Balasubramaniam et al. 2014). Fourthly, the patches and updating to the latest operating system are the crucial problems that the users and administrators are encountering. The vendors of the operating system are continuously publishing an increasing volume of patches (Capek Pickover, 2013). These patches need rebooting and restarting the services repeatedly, which results in downtime and becomes very much costly to afford. Again this process of rebooting an operating system led to the loss of transient state which in turn becomes a grave threat to the users. 2. Possible Solutions to maintain Operating System Few types of research have been conducted for identifying the potential solutions to keep the operating system in an efficient manner. The process of maintaining an operating system comprises of security fixing, bug fixing, and improving the performance of the operating system. New features are hardly released for the maintenance of an operating system because the application software needs to be updated for taking the advantage of those new features. The new updates are regularly released depending on the emergency (Chiang Torng, 2014). Later on, the updates are developed and tested by the vendor of the operating system to distribute it to the system administrator. The solution regarding the problems related to reliability and updates is to use a redundant hardware which may be either commodity hardware or some specialized equipment that the processes requested on matching machines. When the commodity hardware is used, and when the service upholds state, at that time the software support need to be provided for sustaining the synchronization between the systems that are redundant (Edwards, Teddy Camp, 2013). Virtualization can also be used instead of separate hardware structures. It also needs the support of software for maintaining the synchronization between the virtual machines during the time of update (Sangregorio et al., 2015). Now the most general approach towards the dynamic updating is to use the built-in support for getting the updates in particular languages or specific domains. The efficient maintenance of the operating system can be done by providing a dynamic update support inside the operating system which is necessary for loading an update within the operating system. This process is similar to the loading of kernel modules in an operating system for adding more functionality within the operating system. The fundamental approach is on reducing the obstacles during the updating of code and data inside the module without influencing the overall structure of the operating system (Bishop, Hlucka Vanderzweep, 2015). This research identifies the mechanism of updating safely any particular module and to change the data structures which is maintained in that module. There is a repetition in the use of those identified mechanisms for updating all the modules to achieve updates of the whole operating system. Various essential requirements are there for an operating system to provide the capability of dynamic updates. Among all the most crucial system is the modular system structure. It is a mechanism which is used for identifying a secure point for updating a given module, tracking the state, and transfer mechanism for locating and transforming the state information which is maintained by the module (Frankel, 2013). The process of a generic update for a single module includes the following steps: Firstly, the code which is related to an update needs loading into the system with the help of kernel module loader. Secondly, there needs to be a state tracking mechanism which is required to locate the overall data instances which get affected by an update of an operating system (Sidib et al., 2016). Thirdly, the maintenance team of the operating system needs to use the level of indirection upon the module for blocking any new accesses to the influenced module (Housel, Hom Guertin, 2013). Fourthly, when the mechanism of certain point identifies that that the module is inactive, the maintenance team of the operating system need to update the code within the module and need to change the data structures with the help of state transfer mechanism. At the end of the update session, the new module is ready to be accessed as well as the blocked calls get resumed (Alam, Katsikas Hadjiefthymiades, 2015). 3. Effectiveness of the Possible Solutions for better maintenance of the Operating System All the options identified by the researcher is very much valid for better maintenance of the operating system. For running an operating system in an effective and efficient manner, it is necessary to follow few steps. The steps include regular disk cleanup; the hardware needs to be fragmented; the temporary files need to be deleted (Bauer Bock, 2015). The most important measure for maintaining the operating system is to secure the operating system from any malware or virus attack. Methodology This designing of this research study depends on two tasks including data analysis and maintenance. For the purpose of measurement planning, it is necessary to have a close collaboration with the maintenance team of the operating system. Hence, there are some problems with the research paper related to the exchange of knowledge and amount of communication (Hunt Ernst, 2015). The main strength of this study is to help the maintenance team to maintain the operating system in an efficient manner. This study is meant for identifying the active support of the operating system. The research study is entirely dependent on the information related to the management team of the operating system and for that reason the research study may not be transparent (Locker et al., 2013). This is identified as the primary weakness of this research study. For collecting information from the primary sources, the analyst conducted interviews with the help of video calling or through a face-to-face interview. The overall population is 100 for conducting the research study. The questionnaire for this survey is distributed among the overall population. The sample size which is selected here for collecting the appropriate information regarding the maintenance of the operating system is taken from the maintenance team of different operating system maintenance organizations. The process of random probability sampling is used during the research study. This process allows the researcher to choose appropriate respondents in a successive way. During the conduction of the survey, for collecting the primary data, the researcher utilizes an online survey. For the collection of the secondary resources, the researcher reviews the newspapers, books, different relevant journals, relevant websites, and library sources. Furthermore, for the completion of the research work the database of the operating system maintenance organization is surveyed. The researcher conducts the task of data collection for two and a half weeks. After the completion of the process of data collection, the results are analyzed by describing the problems that are encountered during the maintenance of an operating system and to identify the possible solutions for maintaining an operating system. For collecting the information regarding the problems of operating system maintenance, the researcher consults with the maintenance team and from other relevant sources (Peter et al., 2015). For obtaining the data regarding the possible solutions to maintain the operating system, the researcher asks with the solution providers of operating system maintenance. For identifying whether the solutions is sufficient for the maintenance of the operating system, the researcher surveys in different operating system maintenance provider organizations for collecting the data (Finkelstein Gertsbakh, 2016). During the maintenance of an extensive operating system, there is much involvement of the experimental analysis of data collection. The collected data is related to the problems of the commercial users of the operating system. It also consists of details to avoid the issues and to patch the errors based on the problems (Capek Pickover, 2013). Different notices regarding the problems and relevant solutions are collected, assembled, and analyzed in a statistical manner for a range of two years. At first, the analysis is done at the global level for confirming whether there was confirmation in the earlier observations or not. In the sub level, the analysis is done regarding the following release of the article (Chiang Torng, 2014). The analysis clearly shows that the data regarding the maintenance is observed at the global scale. Summary The research work is wholly based on the identification of the essential features for maintaining the operating system in an efficient manner. This research paper identifies the major problems or issues that are frequently encountered by the maintenance team during the proper maintenance of the operating system. After analyzing the problems, the researcher investigates on the fact of finding the possible solutions to overcome these issues. At the end of the research work, the researcher verifies the effectiveness of those identified possible solutions to enhance the maintenance of the operating system. Conclusion The research work that is carried out in this particular thesis is mainly concentrated on the preservation of an operating system in an efficient manner. Though a possible amount of research has been performed earlier to find the potential solutions for maintaining an operating system but that was a challenging task with various complexities. This research paper clearly identifies the problem related to the maintenance of the operating system and which includes problems like Blue Screen of Death where there is a failure in hardware and damaging software and identified a necessary solution. The researcher also identifies the problem with corrupted Dynamic-Link-Library and improper installation of any application and found solutions to overcome it. Then the question related to the patches and updating of the latest operating system is identified and accordingly the solutions are identified to reduce these issues. The solutions are also determined by the analyst regarding the dynamic up dating facilities in an operating system. Finally, the effectiveness of the options is discussed by the analyst based on the better maintenance of the operating system. The methodology that is used during the research work includes research design, strength and weakness of the study, the approximate population upon which the research is performed and the information collected, the sampling design, the research instrument used, the method of data collection and data analysis for the investigation work. At last, a brief summary is given for understanding the comprehensive research. Future Scope The problems have been analyzed properly by the researcher who is commonly encountered by the maintenance team while maintaining an extensive operating system. In addition to it, some valid solutions are also identified by the researcher who led to adequate support of an operating system. But there has been few limitations found in the research work while carrying out the overall thesis. One of the limitations is that there is no well-established solution identified in the research work which will be able to fix the bugs encountered during the installation of an operating system and which can secure the infrastructure of the operating system in an efficient manner. Some pitfalls are also present in the research work which consists of performance improving solutions as those are not useful enough to overcome the problem related to the maintenance of an operating system. The method of dynamic updating needs improvement for maintaining an extensive operating system in an efficient manne r. References Alam, M. F., Katsikas, S., Hadjiefthymiades, S. (2015, September). An advanced system architecture for the maintenance work in extreme environment. InSystems Engineering (ISSE), 2015 IEEE International Symposium on(pp. 406-411). IEEE. Balasubramaniam, C., Kannan, R., Revashetti, S. B., Sampath, S., Katchapalayam, B. (2014).U.S. Patent No. 8,706,576. Washington, DC: U.S. Patent and Trademark Office. Bauer, K., Bock, H. P. (2015).U.S. Patent No. 20,150,323,920. Washington, DC: U.S. Patent and Trademark Office. Bishop, D. L., Hlucka, M., Vanderzweep, J. (2015).U.S. Patent No. 8,990,840. Washington, DC: U.S. Patent and Trademark Office. Capek, P. G., Pickover, C. A. (2013).U.S. Patent No. 8,370,840. Washington, DC: U.S. Patent and Trademark Office. Chiang, P. H., Torng, C. C. (2014). Development of an integrated information system for automated scheduling and control management in an aircraft maintenance plant.International Journal of Industrial and Systems Engineering,16(1), 51-69. Cui, Y., Voyles, R. M., Lane, J. T., Krishnamoorthy, A., Mahoor, M. H. (2015). A mechanism for real-time decision making and system maintenance for resource constrained robotic systems through ReFrESH.Autonomous Robots,39(4), 487-502. Edwards, J. L., Teddy, J. D., Camp, T. E. (2013).U.S. Patent No. 8,352,939. Washington, DC: U.S. Patent and Trademark Office. Finkelstein, M., Gertsbakh, I. (2016). On preventive maintenance of systems subject to shocks.Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part O: Journal of Risk and Reliability, 1748006X15624593. Frankel, E. G. (2013).Systems reliability and risk analysis(Vol. 1). Springer Science Business Media. Housel, T. J., Hom, S., Guertin, N. H. (2013).The Impact of Maintenance Free Operating Period Approach to Acquisition Approaches, System Sustainment, and Costs(No. NPS-LM-13-005). NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL MONTEREY CA GRADUATE SCHOOL OF BUSINESS AND PUBLIC POLICY. Hunt, R., Ernst, T. (2015, March). Using IEC 61850 process bus to meet NERC PRC-005-2 Condition Based Maintenance requirements. InProtective Relay Engineers, 2015 68th Annual Conference for(pp. 546-552). IEEE. Le, M. D., Tan, C. M. (2013). Optimal maintenance strategy of deteriorating system under imperfect maintenance and inspection using mixed inspectionscheduling.Reliability Engineering System Safety,113, 21-29. Locker, H. J., Cromer, D., Springfield, R. S., Walterman, R. D. (2013).U.S. Patent No. 8,397,231. Washington, DC: U.S. Patent and Trademark Office. McKusick, M. K., Neville-Neil, G. V., Watson, R. N. (2014).The design and implementation of the FreeBSD operating system. Pearson Education. Peter, S., Li, J., Zhang, I., Ports, D. R., Woos, D., Krishnamurthy, A., ... Roscoe, T. (2015). Arrakis: The operating system is the control plane.ACM Transactions on Computer Systems (TOCS),33(4), 11. Rcz, A., Petersen, R. (2016).U.S. Patent No. 20,160,037,371. Washington, DC: U.S. Patent and Trademark Office. Sangregorio, P., Cologni, A. L., Owen, F. C., Previdi, F. (2015, September). Remote maintenance system for semi-automated manufacturing machines. InResearch and Technologies for Society and Industry Leveraging a better tomorrow (RTSI), 2015 IEEE 1st International Forum on(pp. 457-461). IEEE. Sidib, I. B., Khatab, A., Diallo, C., Adjallah, K. H. (2016). Kernel estimator of maintenance optimization model for a stochastically degrading system under different operating environments.Reliability Engineering System Safety,147, 109-116. Wang, M., Yang, J. P., Lu, L., Wang, Y. P. (2016). Operational Availability Model of k-out-of-N System Under a Hard Time Maintenance Strategy. InProceedings of the 6th International Asia Conference on Industrial Engineering and Management Innovation(pp. 261-269). Atlantis Press.

Proctor Essays - Salem Witch Trials, The Crucible, John Proctor

A crucible has two definitions: 1) a container made of a substance that can resist great heat and 2) a severe test or trial. In The Crucible, John Proctor is representative of both of these definitions because of the situations that he must overcome and the people that he has to deal with. Abigail Williams, the ringleader of the ?possessed? children, is the source of Proctor?s problems, and it is his challenge to attempt to win the battle against her and the unrelenting town. John Proctor can be considered to be a very strong man. He is one of the few people in the town that refuses to believe that the children are actually possessed, and he shows no fear of expressing this belief to the courts and to the people of the village. ?They?re pretending, Mr. Danforth!? (Miller, 115) At this point, Abby and Susanna Walcott continue saying things such as, ?Mary, don?t come down? and ?She?s stretching her claws!? (115) where after, Proctor immediately responds by declaring that they are lying. Throughout the course of the trial John persistently insists that the girls are liars; however, he cannot convince the court of this truth.

Everything You Need to Know About Shakespeares Plays

Everything You Need to Know About Shakespeare's Plays William Shakespeare is best known for his plays, although he was also an accomplished poet and actor. But when we think about Shakespeare, plays like Romeo and Juliet, Hamlet, and Much Ado About Nothing immediately spring to mind. How Many Plays? A remarkable fact about Shakespeares plays is that scholars can’t agree on how many he actually wrote. Thirty-eight plays is the most popular hypothesis, but after many years of wrangling, a little-known play called Double Falsehood has now been added to the canon. The main problem is that it is believed that William Shakespeare wrote many of his plays collaboratively. Therefore, it is difficult to identify the content penned by the Bard with any accuracy. What Were Shakespeares Plays About? Shakespeare was writing between 1590 and 1613. Many of his early plays were performed at the building that would eventually become the infamous Globe Theatre in 1598. It was here that Shakespeare made his name as a budding young writer and penned such classics as  Romeo and Juliet, A Midsummer Night’s Dream, and The Taming of the Shrew. Many of Shakespeare’s most famous tragedies were written in the early 1600s and would have been performed at the Globe Theatre. Genres Shakespeare wrote in three genres: tragedy, comedy, and history. Although this seems very straightforward, it is notoriously difficult to categorize the plays. This is because the histories blur comedy and tragedy, the comedies contain elements of tragedy, and so on. Tragedy Some of Shakespeare’s most famous plays are tragedies. The genre was extremely popular with Elizabethan theatergoers. It was conventional for these plays to follow the rise and fall of a powerful nobleman. All of Shakespeare’s tragic protagonists have a fatal flaw that propels them towards their bloody end. Popular tragedies include Hamlet, Romeo and Juliet,  King Lear, and Macbeth. Comedy Shakespeare’s comedy was driven by language and complex plots involving mistaken identity. A good rule of thumb is if a character disguises themselves as a member of the opposite sex, you can categorize the play as a comedy. Popular comedies include Much Ado About Nothing, and The Merchant of Venice. History Shakespeare used his history plays to make social and political commentary. Therefore, they are not historically accurate in the same way we would expect a modern historical drama to be. Shakespeare drew from a range of historical sources and set most of his history plays during the Hundred Years War with France. Popular histories include  Henry V and Richard III. Shakespeare’s Language Shakespeare used a mixture of verse and prose in his plays to denote the social standing of his characters. As a rule of thumb, common characters spoke in prose, while noble characters further up the social food chain would revert to iambic pentameter. This particular form of poetic meter was extremely popular in Shakespeare’s time. Although iambic pentameter sounds complex, it is a simple rhythmic pattern. It has ten syllables in each line that alternate between unstressed and stressed beats. However, Shakespeare liked to experiment with iambic pentameter and played around with the rhythm to make his character’s speeches more effective. Why is Shakespeare’s language so descriptive? We should remember that the plays were performed in daylight, in the open air, and with no set. In the absence of atmospheric theater lighting and realistic sets, Shakespeare had to conjure up mythical islands, the streets of Verona, and cold Scottish castles through language alone.

Assignment (Economics) Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 4

(Economics) - Assignment Example As the equilibrium price is higher with a monopoly, consumer surplus will be lower than it would be under competition. If the NPS values consumers more than firms, the monopoly outcome may not be desirable. With only one firm, there may be efficiency gains. For example, it may be that the firm needs to employ fewer employees to service all of the visitors to Yosemite relative to the combined number of employees given competition in the market. Hence average total costs may be lower with only one firm. It is therefore possible that the firm posts lower prices and sells more units yielding a surplus to society. 4. Monopolistic competition has some of the same characteristics as monopoly and some of the same characteristics as perfect competition (hence the name "monopolistic competition"). List a few of these similarities. Perfect Competition: Economic profits tend to be eliminated in the long run, the relatively free entry of new firms, the long‑run price and output behavior, zero long-run economic profits, and have many buyers and sellers. The entry and exit of firms in monopolistic competitive firms will eventually cause each firms economic profits to fall to zero. Hence, eventually, each firm earns normal profits, i.e. profit = 0. When some firms earn positive economic profits at one time, new firms will end up entering the market and the increased competition will reduce all firms economic profits to zero. 7. Complete this statement by filling in the blanks with the words "increase" or "decrease": The entry of an additional firm in a mon. comp. market decrease the profit per unit of output because entry increase the price and increase the average cost of production. 8. Consider the Utica Slappers, a hockey team that plays in an arena with 8,000 seats. The only cost associated with staging a hockey game is a fixed cost of $6,000: The team incurs this cost regardless of how many people attend a game. The demand curve for hockey tickets has a slope of

History of horror gener and two media crtiques (film analysis) about Essay

History of horror gener and two media crtiques (film analysis) about Dracula 1931 and Frankenstein 1931 - Essay Example Since, the stories that are not relating to realty or generated to exaggerate a scene about a situation, many sorts of genre were introduced to the film industry. Such forms of stories are categorized as fiction. In all the cultures around the world there is a concept of the devil, demon, and negative darkness. In the earlier centuries, civilizations had a strong concept of non-physical spirits, which were meant to horrify people. The legends about monsters and heroes that defeated them and saved lives of many have been heard for over several millenniums. Even in the Chinese dynasty, it is found to be believed on ancestors worship since 1500 years B.C. Probably every culture having a set of stories and tales that  make a  person wondering and having  chills gave rise to horror movie’s genre in films (Spadoni, 2009). In the horror category, first the Gothic tradition took part with a novel, The Castle of Otranto, by Horace Walpole (1764). That novel gave popularity to the word ‘Horror, leaving its readers stilted as it had a supernatural shock. Then came other writers who gave us the short stories and novels in this category. One of them was the first great and classic novel ‘Frankenstein’ in 1818, written by Mary Shelley. Bram Stoker and Edgar Allan Poe were also the famous gothic writers of the 18th century. It was through the gothic literature that the horror genre inspired the filmmakers as a unique category. This genre also gave rise to the Halloween monsters, which is a fast approaching concept. The term ‘Horror’ is a projection of fear, it is a part of  the  imagination, whether we appreciate it or not. The modernized horror genre had been introduced for about 200 years ago. This genre was popular in books and theater. The first horror film was made in 1930, ‘Spook Tale’ from 1895, by Lumpier brothers. In the 19th

In Good Company Analysis

In Good Company Analysis AOTEAROA TERTIARY INSTITUTE NZIM DIPLOMA IN MANAGAMENT LEVEL 5 LEADERSHIP 630 ASSESSED TUTORIAL : FILM STUDY IN GOOD COMPANY Identify two leaders in the movie? Dan Foreman and Carter Duryea Dan Foreman a) Leadership Style Dan Foreman had charismatic leadership style. According to (Daft, 2008) charismatic leaders are those who have the ability to encourage and motivate other people to do more than there would normally do. Person with charismatic leadership styles has a great concern in scanning and reading their surrounding and are able to pick up the mood and concern of individual and big audience. According to the movie The Good Company Dan took the responsibility to inform the workers when there were fired from their job because he was really concerned about their feeling and he knew he would be able to comfort them since he was the old staff and the staff was hired by him. He also had responsibility towards his family. b) Effectiveness of a leader Dan was considered as a effective leader. He was loyal to his employee and motivate them. Workers respected and trusts him he was outspoken person and stand for his employees. He had a great responsibility towards his family. He love his wife and children lot. He was so effective as a father when he saw Alex and Carter working together at his birthday party he was really concerned about that but didnt say anything. Instead he follow Carter next day to see where he goes and then he saw Carter and Alex having coffee together he got really angry that he punched Carter. He was really concerned about his daughter since she was still in college. c) Type of Power Dan held referent power which comes from leaders personality characteristics and where people respect and admire his ability. Carter who was the new boss for the company respected him lot he also had charisma power which mean it have positive influence on workers. Also has ability to create the chance for interpersonal pressure. d) How the power was used Dan used his power in a good way since he was very effective and when he speaks people would listen to him. People respect him due to his power and leadership style. He tries hard to save his job and company. Also he used his power in good way towards his family. Carter Duryea a) Leadership Style Carter Duryea had transactional leadership style. According to (Daft, 2008) transactional leadership is a exchange process between leaders and followers. Followers needs and desires are recognise and then clarifies is made on how to satisfy it. According to the movie Carter was appointed as the head of marketing for the Sports America magazine so that he can increase the sales for his company. Transactional leader are also considered as task oriented. He didnt have much experience as the head position since he was still young and was in the stage of learning. b) Effectiveness of a Leader Carter was not effective leader since he didnt have experience in the work which he was located since he had experience in his field of work also he was outspoken and was very convincing. He was also facing lot of personal problem since he was so focussed in his professional life and as not able to give time to his wife. He just had a divorce after 7 moth of married. c) Type of Power Carter held legitimate power which means it is a authority that is granted from a well known position in the company. In the movie Carter had a position in the company he was the head of marketing. He held this power because he was very good in decision making, active, intelligent in his work and convinces people. d) How he used his power Carter also used his power in good and effective way. He power was used to motive people and identify common goal of the company. He also misuse his power to cost cut the expense for the company. He started firing the staff. Carter discuss this with Dan and he was really upset and that you cant fire then because those staff are from my time I have hire them. Dan also mention that Iam paid more wages why not fire me instead. And Carter used his power in good way saying that I can fire you but think about responsibility you have. 2) Situation from movie identified that illustrates analysis for each leader. Leadership theories referred to support discussions above. Situation that was chosen from the movie for both leaders were when Dan asked question to Teddy K when he was talking about put one section about computers in sports magazine suddenly Dan interpreted and asked Teddy K what he is trying to say which shows how effective he was while asking question and shows that he was listening to it. Leadership theories that Dan held was influence theories which refers to leadership influence based not on position or formal authority but on the qualities and charismatic personality of the leader( Daft, 2008). Dan didnt held any formal position in the company but people respect him due to his qualities. Another situation was when Carter was discussing about sacking some workers from sales department. As he was a transactional leader he had to follow his companies rules and procedures. He had behaviour theories refers to what a leader actually do on the job and which relates to the content of managerial activities role and responsibilities. Since he was a head of department he had responsibility towards his job. Dan tried to save his old workers and suggested to Carter that his salary is more than workers why not sack him instead of others. But Carter cant do much he had to listen to his boss and follow his orders. 3) Type of organisation, level of seniority and its effects on leaders behaviour? The movie Good Company is about a sports America magazine which is owned by Globecom, it is recognize as a national sports magazine where Dan had worked for 20 years as head of advertising sales department. But due to some problem company is bought by multimedia company and Carter is assign as a new boss. He had one of the most senior position in the company responsible for companies sales and managing staff. Also had power to rewards and punish anyone in the company. In the movie both the leaders are struggling to maintain their position and to get along with each other. Carter is half the age of Dan and he is still young learning the work. He thinks that he could to better for the work therefore he chose to replace Dan who is 51 years old and is a executive in his company. He feels uncomfortable to work with Carter. Carter had highest level of seniority based due to his position in the company and becomes the boss of Dan and all workers has to his instructions and listen to his ord ers (Uk essay,2014). This was due to legitimate power which Carter held. Dan didnt have any legitimate authority after the company was taken over he just had a position on wingman in the company but still he had respect from his colleagues. He was given this position since he had lots of experience in his work. 4) Leadership theories referred to support discussions above. Leadership theory that was illustrate to large extend in this movie was contingency theory. The idea behind this theories is that leaders can analyse their situation and tailor their behaviour to improve leadership effectiveness (Daft, 2008). Leader effectiveness in group is depend on two factors is change in situation and relation motivation or leader task. Leader who have high marks on scale are those people oriented than those who get less mark on scale is task oriented. According to the movie Dan had high mark in least preferred co workers because he was concern about his employees. Even he was ready to leave his job to save his co workers job. Carter had less mark on scale since he was only concern about his task. He hold a position in the company therefore he had to follows orders given by his boss and also be on management side. He doesnt think about workers and fired some employees from the company. 5) Individual culture and its effect. Culture played a very important role in Dan and Carter life. Dan is 51 year old with a very lovely family. He was happily married with two daughters he believed in honesty trustworthiness, charisma, reliability and has respect for everyone. Whereas Carter is 26 year old man newly married and is dumped by his wife just in 7 months of relationship as he had a promotion. Later he is having affair with Dans daughter. He had authority to reward and punish anyone in the company. He is always on management side and workers according to company policies and procedures. This happens in really life in many companies the management level workers are always on company side. Both leaders way of thinking was different Dan was more thinking about building and maintaining relationship. He had a good relationship with his co workers despite some workers been fired from work their still came to attend his birthday party. Dan also had better relationship with his daughter when he saw pregnancy kit in t he dustbin he was so worried and thought that it is Alex. He goes and talk with Alex and tell her that if you have any problem always come and discuss with me. Whereas Carter way of thinking was a corporate world he was thinking about bottom dollar. He didnt think about his personal life he just work hard to get promotion but as soon as he get this his wife leaves him. At the work he was just sacking the staff to reduce the cost and make profit. He was so money minded. 6) Other leadership concepts and ideologies that was identify in the movie ? i) Other leadership concepts and ideologies that was identify in the movie were building and maintaining relationship both personal and professional. Dan was able to balance his relationship both personal and professional he takes out time for his wife and kids often go out and play tennis. Dan keeps his professional life at work and does not discuss anything at home during family time. Whereas Carter was not able to keep his personal and professional life balance. Due to his professional he was not able to give time to his wife which lead to separation after 7 month of relationship. ii) Responsibility was the other concepts Dan had a great responsibility towards his family. He was the only breadwinner in the family he had to look after his wife, two teenage daughter who were in college. His older daughter Alex moved out to live on her own and Dan had to take second mortgage to meet all his expenses. On top of his wife was pregnant with their third child. He also had responsibility towards his work he tried hard to save his job and magazine towards the end of the movie he goes out and do door to door sale. Dan was so concerned towards his daughter when he saw Alex and Carter together he was so angry that he punched Carter he was so protective. iii) Set Example is the other leadership concept that was identified in the movie. Dan set good example to Carter. In the end when Carter was out of job Dan offered him a position in the company. Carter was happy and he said that I will be grateful to get the job and since I have learn so many things from you but he was not sure what he want to do. Dan set good example to Carter in regards to professional life. iv) Respectful is other concept that was identified in the movie. Dan had worked for 20 years in the company and he had lot of respect from all his co workers. Dan had demotion from his position and Carter become the new boss but still all the workers listen to Dan. He was a senior staff and Carter also respected him and was eager to learn more from him. Carter also respected Dans family when the first time he went to visited them he said this the type of family and home Iam looking for. Also other concept can be believing in what you are doing Dan had believe that he can save his job and magazine. He goes out with Carter for door to door sale to save the magazine since he was give 24 hours time. He believe that he can do it and he was able to do it. From this concept we come to know that if you believe in something and works towards it you will be successful in your life. References Daft R L Pirola-Merlo (2008). The leadership experience: Asia Pacific edition 1. Melbourne: Cengage Learning. UK essay (2014) The Whale Rider Movie Theology Religion Essay http://www.ukessays.com/essays/theology/the-whale-rider-movie-theology-religion-essay.php UK Essay (2014) The Lord of The Ring Theology Religion Essay http://www.ukessays.com/essays/theology/lord-of-the-rings-theology-religion-essay.php

Accounting Cash Flows Essay

Question 2.2 – Accounting and Cash Flows: Why is it that the revenue and cost figures shown on a standard income statement may not be representative of the actual cash inflows and outflows that occurred during a period?  Financial Statements are prepared according to accrual rule of , according to which cost and revenue are recorded as they occur and not when they are actually received or paid. This is why cash flows during the year may be different from revenue and costs in income statements. Different companies use different policies to pay the costs and collect revenues in current and subsequent years. In other words, the income statement assumes that once a good is sold, it is also paid for at that exact same time. Typically collection of revenue does not happen at the same time of delivery. See more: Examples of satire in adventures of huckfinn essay As I reflect on managerial accounting, I recall that some companies only collect twenty-five percent the same month of the sale. Then, they collect the other fifty percent the month after and the final twenty-five percent two months after the sale. Question 2. 3 – Book Values versus Market Values: In preparing a balance sheet, why do you think standard accounting practice focuses on historical cost rather than market value? When comparing book value to market value it is simply what the firm paid for the item versus what the firm could sell the items on the market. Book values are used because they have a historical perspective associated with them. I understand from my readings that the book values are the â€Å"minimum† or worst case scenarios of what these items are worth. Question 2. 4 – Operating Cash Flow: In comparing accounting net income and operation cash flow, what two items do you find in net income that are not in operating cash flow? Explain what each is and why it is excluded in operating cash flow. Operating cash flow is revenues minus the costs, except for depreciation and financing interest, because neither of these is paid in cash. Cash flows are important because the cash flow reflects, basically, whether a company’s outflows of cash can meet their inflows of cash. Net income does include financing interest and depreciation, because all liabilities need to be accounted for. Question 3. 4 – Financial Ratios: Fully explain the kind of information the following financial ratios provide about the firm. Many companies use financial ratios to avoid problems with comparing companies of different sizes. A â€Å"quick ratio† is also known as â€Å"acid-test† and is an indicator of a company’s short-term liquidity. Furthermore, the quick ratio measures a company’s ability to meet its short-term obligations with its most liquid assets. The higher the quick ratio’s the better the position of the company. A quick ratio is calculated as follows: Quick Ratio = Current Assets – Inventory – Inventories / Current Liabilities As notes in our text, the using cash to buy inventory does not affect the current ratio, but it reduces the quick ratio. The idea is that inventory is relatively illiquid compared to cash. (Ross, Westerfield, Jordan, p. 57) A â€Å"cash ratio† equals cash divided by current liabilities. The ratio of a company’s total cash and cash equals it’s current liabilities. The cash ratio is most commonly used as a measure of company liquidity. It can determine if, and/or how quickly the company can repay its short-term debt. A strong cash ratio is useful to creditors when deciding how much debt, if any, they would be willing to extend to the asking party. (Investopedia. om) Furthermore, the cash ratio is generally a more conservative look at a company’s ability to cover its liabilities than many other liquidity ratios. Mainly, due to the fact that inventory and accounts receivable are left out of the equation. Since these two accounts are a large part of many companies, this ratio should not be used in determining company value, but simply as one factor in determining liquidity. Final ly, the â€Å"capital intensity ratio† is a ratio measures the ability of a company to effectively use its assets. Simply put, capital intensity shows how much of an investment in fixed assets was required during a given period to produce $1 of sales revenue. The actual ratio formula to measure capital intensity is total assets divided by sales revenue for a specified period. One of the major problems with ratios is that different organizations and different sources often don’t compute them exactly the same way, which lead to confusion and false results. The definitions are vague and when comparing to other’s equations, you may find significant results depending on the way they are computed. Accounting: Cash Flows Essay John Stacey, a sales engineer for Aldhus Corporation, was worried. A flight delay had caused him to miss last week’s accounting class in the evening MBA program in which he had enrolled at the suggestion of the personnel director at Aldhus, a growing manufacturer of computer peripherals. The class he had missed had been devoted to a lecture and discussion of the statement of cash flows, and he was sure the material he had missed would be covered in the weekly quiz that was part of each class session. A classmate had faxed Stacey some notes distributed by their instructor, but they were too cryptic to be understood by anyone who had missed the class. In desperation, John called Lucille Barnes, the assistant controller at Aldhus, to ask if she could take a few minutes to point him in the right direction toward understanding the statement of cash flows. She seemed delighted by the request, and they agreed to meet that afternoon. op The Meeting At 2:00 P. M. John Stacey went to the office of Lucille Barnes with his notes and questions. After they had exchanged greetings, Lucille handed John three cash flow statements from the annual reports of other high-technology companies (Exhibits 1, 2, and 3). John was worried that Lucille would ask him to explain them, and that she would see how confused he still was about some aspects of accounting; instead, Lucille began explaining. Lucille Barnes (Assistant Controller): The statement of cash flows is really a very useful part of the set of three statements companies are required to prepare. In some cases, it tells more about what is actually happening in a business than either the balance sheet or income statement. The statements of cash flows that I have given you are very revealing. Let me give you a brief overview of the structure and content of cash flow statements, and then you take some time to study these statements. I have prepared some questions to guide your study. Then, we can meet again tomorrow to discuss what you have learned and to answer any questions that remain. I do not think you have to worry about your next quiz because if you understand how balance sheets and income statements are prepared, much about the statement of cash flows will seem pretty obvious. John Stacey: I hope you are right. I really like the accounting course, and I want to do well in it and to really learn the material. That’s why I panicked when I could not understand the notes our instructor passed out last week. Professors Julie H. Hertenstein and William J. Bruns prepared this case as the basis for class discussion rather than to illustrate either effective or ineffective handling of an administrative situation. Copyright  © 1993 by the President and Fellows of Harvard College. To order copies or request permission to reproduce materials, call 1-800-545-7685, write Harvard Business School Publishing, Boston, MA 02163, or go to http://www. hbsp. harvard. edu. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, used in a spreadsheet, or transmitted in any form or by any means—electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise—without the permission of Harvard Business School. Copying or posting is an infringement of copyright. Permissions@hbsp. harvard. edu or 617-783-7860. Statements of Cash Flows: Three Examples Lucille Barnes: Forget those notes for a while and just concentrate on studying the statements I have given you. Notice that the statement of cash flows is divided into three sections: operating activities, investing activities, and financing activities. Each section shows the cash inflows and the cash outflows associated with that type of activity. Operating activities shows the inflows and outflows related to the fundamental operations of the basic line or lines of business that the company is in. For example, it would include cash receipts from the sale of goods or services and the cash outflows for purchasing inventory, and paying wages, taxes and rent. Investing activities shows cash flows for the purchase and sale of assets not generally held for resale and for the making and collecting of loans. (Maybe it should more appropriately be called the investing and disinvesting activities section. ) Here is where you would see if the company sold a building, purchased equipment, made a loan to a subsidiary, or purchased a piece of equity in its supplier. Finally, financing activities shows the cash flows associated with increasing or decreasing the firm’s financing, for example, issuing or repurchasing stock and borrowing or repaying loans. It also includes dividends, which are cash flows associated with equity. However, ironically, it does not include interest payments; these are included in operating activities. John Stacey: That seems strange to me. Since loans are the reason interest payments are made, why are they not included in the financing activities section? You know, interest is to loans as dividends are to equity? Lucille Barnes: Actually in some other countries such as the United Kingdom interest is included in the financing activities section! But in the United States the Financial Accounting Standards Board voted that interest payments should be in the operating activities section instead. This is one of these situations where you might have to do some adjusting if you were trying to compare a U. K. company like British Petroleum to a U. S. company like Exxon. John Stacey: That is interesting! How can I use each section of the statement? Lucille Barnes: The operating activity section is the cash-flow engine of the company. When this engine is working effectively, it provides the cash flows to cover the cash needs of operations. In a healthy, growing company, we would expect growth in operating working capital accounts such as inventory and accounts receivable (uses of cash) as well as in accounts payable and other operating payables (sources of cash). Obviously there can be quite a bit of variability in working capital accounts from period to period, but on average inventories, receivables, and accounts payable usually grow in growing companies. In addition, this operating cash-flow engine provides cash for needed investments, to repay debt, and to pay dividends. There are exceptions, of course. Start-up companies, for example, usually have negative cash flows from operations because they have not gotten their cash-flow engines up to speed. Companies in cyclical industries may have negative operating cash flow in a â€Å"down† year; a company that has experienced an extensive strike could also be expected to have negative cash flow from operations. Although an occasional year of negative operating cash flow does not spell disaster, nonetheless, we should expect operating cash flow, on average, to be positive. Investing activities are a different story. Whereas we expect positive operating cash flow, we also expect a healthy company to continually invest in more plant, equipment, land, and other fixed assets to replace the assets that have been used up or have become technologically obsolete, as well as to expand and grow. Although companies often sell assets that are no longer of use to them, we would normally expect them to purchase more capital assets than they sell. As a result, in general, we expect negative cash flows from investing activities. Like operating activities, exceptions occur, especially if the firm divests a business or subsidiary. Copying or posting is an infringement of copyright. Permissions@hbsp. harvard. edu or 617-783-7860. Statements of Cash Flows: Three Examples Cash flows from financing activities could as easily be positive as negative in a healthy company, and they are likely to change back and forth. If the company’s need for cash to invest exceeds the cash flow generated by operating activities, this will require extra financing by debt or equity, therefore a positive financing cash flow. On the other hand, if cash flow from operating activities exceeds the investing needs, the firm will have excess cash to repay debt or pay more dividends, producing negative cash flows from financing.

Economic growth

Spending by the government on all nal goods and services. e. g. ages for government employees, the upkeep of military bases, the maintenance of Air Force One, the maintenance of roads and bridges This category includes government investments such as the maintenance/construction of roads. Does NOT include transfers of wealth such as Social Security, Medicare, and unemployment bene ts as they are already accounted for in Consumption. 14/ 31 Net exports: The di erence between total exports (to all other countries) and total imports (from all countries) to the U.S.. If this number is negative, the U. S. is importing more value than it is exporting, in what is called a trade de cit. If this number is positive, the U. S. is experiencing a trade surplus. Note that these values are in terms of the subject country's currency (U. S. dollars). We only consider net exports because 1) we do not want to double ount goods in the GDPs of other countries and 2) GDP is supposed to measure production i n the U. S.Splitting GDP – Factor Income Approach We can equivalently express this value in terms of how much agents in the U. S. receive for their goods or work. You can think of rms collecting revenue from the spending described in the national spending approach, and distributing it in the following way: Wages: Firms pay employees for their work Rent: Firms pay landowners and property owners rent Interest: Firms pay interest to the owners of the capital they are using Pro t: Any revenue that is left after the above payments are considered protThe sum of these yields GDP, as calculated using the factor income approach: Y = Wages + Rent + Interest + Prot 16/31 Equivalence of National Spending and Factor Income Approaches The sum of all the spending in the U. S. doesn't quite equal the sum of all payments to factors of production, so we need to make a few adjustments: Sales taxes aren't re ected in the factor income approach, so we need to add that The national spending approa ch considers production that occurs before the depreciation of capital (i. e. machines wearing down), so this must be considered when using the factor income approach. 17/31 Economic growth Spending by the government on all nal goods and services. e. g. ages for government employees, the upkeep of military bases, the maintenance of Air Force One, the maintenance of roads and bridges This category includes government investments such as the maintenance/construction of roads. Does NOT include transfers of wealth such as Social Security, Medicare, and unemployment bene ts as they are already accounted for in Consumption. 14/ 31 Net exports: The di erence between total exports (to all other countries) and total imports (from all countries) to the U.S.. If this number is negative, the U. S. is importing more value than it is exporting, in what is called a trade de cit. If this number is positive, the U. S. is experiencing a trade surplus. Note that these values are in terms of the subject country's currency (U. S. dollars). We only consider net exports because 1) we do not want to double ount goods in the GDPs of other countries and 2) GDP is supposed to measure production i n the U. S.Splitting GDP – Factor Income Approach We can equivalently express this value in terms of how much agents in the U. S. receive for their goods or work. You can think of rms collecting revenue from the spending described in the national spending approach, and distributing it in the following way: Wages: Firms pay employees for their work Rent: Firms pay landowners and property owners rent Interest: Firms pay interest to the owners of the capital they are using Pro t: Any revenue that is left after the above payments are considered protThe sum of these yields GDP, as calculated using the factor income approach: Y = Wages + Rent + Interest + Prot 16/31 Equivalence of National Spending and Factor Income Approaches The sum of all the spending in the U. S. doesn't quite equal the sum of all payments to factors of production, so we need to make a few adjustments: Sales taxes aren't re ected in the factor income approach, so we need to add that The national spending approa ch considers production that occurs before the depreciation of capital (i. e. machines wearing down), so this must be considered when using the factor income approach. 17/31

Equality Within Charlotte Bronte s Jane Eyre - 1673 Words

Equality is a given. The oldest and most relevant discussion on equality lies with the difference of sex; man versus woman. In the eighteenth century, society very much male dominated. Women were expected to obey a man s commands and were treated inferior to their male superior. This novel embodies the ideology of equality between men and women in society. Charlotte Bronte s novel Jane Eyre embraces many views in opposition to the Victorian gender limitations. Ultimately, the reader can see the author develops a variety of characters who not only represent but also challenge the established gender norms existing in the 1800s. Feminists like Charlotte Bronte, fight for equality emotionally, mentally, financially, and physically. When Charlotte was 5 her mother passed away, and therefore the loss of a mother became the theme in her books. Then at age eight her father sent her and her sisters to The Clergy Daughters’ School which was expressed as Lowood School in â€Å"Jane Eyre†. Also just like Helen Burns in â€Å"Jane Eyre†, her older sisters Maria and Elizabeth died of tuberculosis. When Bronte was twenty six she enrolled in a school to learn French. It was in this time when she created â€Å"Jane Eyre†, in which she poured out her passion for her married teacher, creating the character Mr. Rochester. While writing â€Å"Jane Eyre† Charlotte discovered that Arthur Bell Nicholls, one of her father’s workers, had fallen in love with her, but she did not reciprocate these feelings. The twoShow MoreRelatedFeminism in Jane Eyre and the wide sargasso sea Essay1061 Word s   |  5 PagesLadan Abdullahi Feminism in Jane eyre and Wide Sargasso Sea A patriarchal society is a world in which men are the sole decision makers and hold positions of power and the highest authority. Patriarchy occurs when men are dominant, not necessarily in numbers but in their status related to decision making and power. 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